Kappenstein Oliver, Vieth Bärbel, Luch Andreas, Pfaff Karla
Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany,
Exp Suppl. 2012;101:87-106. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_4.
Various phthalates have been detected in a wide range of food products such as milk, dietary products, fat-enriched food, meat, fish, sea food, beverages, grains, and vegetables as well as in breast milk. Here we present an overview on toxicologically considerable phthalate levels in food reported in the literature. The most common phthalates detected are di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Milk analyses demonstrate that background levels in unprocessed milk are usually low. However, during processing the phthalate contents may significantly increase due to migration from plastic materials in contact with food. Among dietary products fat-enriched food such as cheese and cream were identified with highest levels of DEHP. Plasticized PVC from tubes, conveyor belts, or disposable gloves used in food processing is an important source for contamination of food, especially of fatty food. Paper and cardboard packaging made from recycled fibers are another important source of contamination. In addition, gaskets used in metal lids for glass jars have been identified as possible source for the contamination of foodstuffs with phthalates. The highest concentrations of DEHP reported (>900 mg kg(-1)) were detected in food of high fat content stored in such glass jars. Beyond classical food, DEHP and DnBP were identified in human breast milk samples as the main phthalate contaminants. Phthalate monoesters and some oxidative metabolites were also quantified in breast milk.
在牛奶、膳食产品、高脂肪食品、肉类、鱼类、海鲜、饮料、谷物和蔬菜等各类食品以及母乳中，均检测出了多种邻苯二甲酸盐。在此，我们概述一下文献中报道的食品中具有毒理学意义的邻苯二甲酸盐含量。检测到的最常见邻苯二甲酸盐是邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）。牛奶分析表明，未加工牛奶中的背景含量通常较低。然而，在加工过程中，由于与食品接触的塑料材料迁移，邻苯二甲酸盐含量可能会显著增加。在膳食产品中，奶酪和奶油等高脂肪食品被确定为DEHP含量最高的食品类别。食品加工中使用的来自管材、传送带或一次性手套的增塑PVC是食品污染的一个重要来源，尤其是对高脂肪食品而言。由回收纤维制成的纸和纸板包装是另一个重要的污染源。此外，玻璃瓶金属盖中使用的垫圈已被确定为食品受邻苯二甲酸盐污染的可能来源。据报道，储存在此类玻璃瓶中的高脂肪含量食品中检测到最高浓度的DEHP（>900 mg kg⁻¹）。除了传统食品外，在人母乳样本中，DEHP和DnBP被确定为主要的邻苯二甲酸盐污染物。母乳中还对邻苯二甲酸单酯和一些氧化代谢物进行了定量分析。
