Y 留还是 Y 走：非重组性染色体的演化。
Should Y stay or should Y go: the evolution of non-recombining sex chromosomes.
机构信息
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
出版信息
Bioessays. 2012 Nov;34(11):938-42. doi: 10.1002/bies.201200064. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
Gradual degradation seems inevitable for non-recombining sex chromosomes. This has been supported by the observation of degenerated non-recombining sex chromosomes in a variety of species. The human Y chromosome has also degenerated significantly during its evolution, and theories have been advanced that the Y chromosome could disappear within the next ~5 million years, if the degeneration rate it has experienced continues. However, recent studies suggest that this is unlikely. Conservative evolutionary forces such as strong purifying selection and intrachromosomal repair through gene conversion balance the degeneration tendency of the Y chromosome and maintain its integrity after an initial period of faster degeneration. We discuss the evidence both for and against the extinction of the Y chromosome. We also discuss potential insights gained on the evolution of sex-determining chromosomes by studying simpler sex-determining chromosomal regions of unicellular and multicellular microorganisms.
非重组性染色体的逐渐退化似乎是不可避免的。这一观点得到了在多种物种中观察到退化的非重组性染色体的支持。在进化过程中，人类 Y 染色体也发生了显著退化，有理论认为，如果 Y 染色体继续保持目前的退化速度，它可能会在未来 500 万年左右消失。然而，最近的研究表明，这种情况不太可能发生。保守的进化力量，如强烈的净化选择和通过基因转换进行的染色体内修复，平衡了 Y 染色体的退化趋势，并在初始的快速退化阶段后保持其完整性。我们讨论了 Y 染色体灭绝的正反两方面证据。我们还讨论了通过研究单细胞和多细胞微生物的简单性别决定染色体区域，在性别决定染色体进化方面获得的潜在见解。
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