Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 18;109(38):15141-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1200844109. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
The geographic distribution of life on Earth supports a general pattern of increase in biodiversity with increasing temperature. However, some previous analyses of the 540-million-year Phanerozoic fossil record found a contrary relationship, with paleodiversity declining when the planet warms. These contradictory findings are hard to reconcile theoretically. We analyze marine invertebrate biodiversity patterns for the Phanerozoic Eon while controlling for sampling effort. This control appears to reverse the temporal association between temperature and biodiversity, such that taxonomic richness increases, not decreases, with temperature. Increasing temperatures also predict extinction and origination rates, alongside other abiotic and biotic predictor variables. These results undermine previous reports of a negative biodiversity-temperature relationship through time, which we attribute to paleontological sampling biases. Our findings suggest a convergence of global scale macroevolutionary and macroecological patterns for the biodiversity-temperature relationship.
地球上生命的地理分布支持生物多样性随温度升高而增加的一般模式。然而，之前对 5.4 亿年之久的显生宙化石记录的一些分析发现了相反的关系，即当地球变暖时，古生物多样性下降。这些相互矛盾的发现很难从理论上协调。我们在控制采样工作量的情况下，分析了显生宙海洋无脊椎动物生物多样性模式。这种控制似乎改变了温度和生物多样性之间的时间关联，使得分类丰富度增加，而不是减少，与温度相关。不断升高的温度还预测了灭绝和起源率，以及其他非生物和生物预测变量。这些结果否定了之前关于生物多样性与温度随时间呈负相关关系的报告，我们将其归因于古生物学采样偏差。我们的研究结果表明，全球尺度的生物多样性与温度关系的宏观进化和宏观生态模式正在趋同。
