Gaydos Joseph K, Massey J Gregory, Mulcahy Daniel M, Gaskins Lori A, Nysewander David, Evenson Joseph, Siegel Paul B, Ziccardi Michael H
Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011 Sep;42(3):414-25. doi: 10.1638/2010-0233.1.
Two pilot trials and one study in a closely related grebe species suggest that Western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) will not tolerate intracoelomic transmitter implantation with percutaneous antennae and often die within days of surgery. Wild Western grebes (n = 21) were captured to evaluate a modified surgical technique. Seven birds were surgically implanted with intracoelomic transmitters with percutaneous antennae by using the modified technique (transmitter group), 7 received the same surgery without transmitter implantation (celiotomy group), and 7 served as controls (only undergoing anesthesia). Modifications included laterally offsetting the body wall incision from the skin incision, application of absorbable cyanoacrylate tissue glue to the subcutaneous space between the body wall and skin incisions, application of a waterproof sealant to the skin incision after suture closure, and application of a piece of porcine small intestine submucosa to the antenna egress. Survival did not differ among the 3 groups with 7 of 7 control, 6 of 7 celiotomy, and 6 of 7 transmitter birds surviving the 9-day study. Experimental birds were euthanized at the end of the study, and postmortem findings indicated normal healing. Significant differences in plasma chemistry or immune function were not detected among the 3 groups, and only minor differences were detected in red blood cell indices and plasma proteins. After surgery, the birds in the transmitter group spent more time preening tail feathers than those in the control and celiotomy groups. These results demonstrate that, in a captive situation, celiotomy and intracoelomic transmitter implantation caused minimal detectable homeostatic disturbance in this species and that Western grebes can survive implantation of intracoelomic transmitters with percutaneous antennae. It remains to be determined what potential this modified surgical procedure has to improve postoperative survival of Western grebes that are intracelomically implanted with transmitters with percutaneous antennae and released into the wild.
两项先导试验以及一项针对亲缘关系密切的䴙䴘物种的研究表明，西部䴙䴘（Aechmophorus occidentalis）无法耐受带有经皮天线的体腔内发射器植入，且常在手术后数天内死亡。捕获了21只野生西部䴙䴘以评估一种改良手术技术。7只鸟通过使用改良技术接受了带有经皮天线的体腔内发射器手术植入（发射器组），7只接受了相同手术但未植入发射器（剖腹术组），7只作为对照（仅接受麻醉）。改良措施包括将体壁切口相对于皮肤切口横向偏移、在体壁和皮肤切口之间的皮下间隙应用可吸收的氰基丙烯酸酯组织胶水、在缝合关闭后对皮肤切口应用防水密封剂，以及在天线出口处应用一片猪小肠黏膜下层。在为期9天的研究中，3组的存活率没有差异，对照组7只中有7只存活，剖腹术组7只中有6只存活，发射器组7只中有6只存活。研究结束时对实验鸟实施了安乐死，尸检结果显示愈合正常。3组之间未检测到血浆化学或免疫功能的显著差异，仅在红细胞指数和血浆蛋白方面检测到微小差异。手术后，发射器组的鸟比对照组和剖腹术组的鸟花费更多时间梳理尾羽。这些结果表明，在圈养情况下，剖腹术和体腔内发射器植入对该物种造成的可检测到的内稳态干扰最小，并且西部䴙䴘能够在植入带有经皮天线的体腔内发射器后存活。这种改良手术程序对于提高经体腔内植入带有经皮天线的发射器并放归野外的西部䴙䴘的术后存活率有多大潜力仍有待确定。
