Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Sep 6;12:746. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-746.
Emergency department (ED) data have the potential to provide critical intelligence on when violence is most likely to occur and the characteristics of those who suffer the greatest health impacts. We use a national experimental ED monitoring system to examine how it could target violence prevention interventions towards at risk communities and optimise acute responses to calendar, holiday and other celebration-related changes in nighttime assaults.
A cross-sectional examination of nighttime assault presentations (6.01 pm to 6.00 am; n = 330,172) over a three-year period (31st March 2008 to 30th March 2011) to English EDs analysing changes by weekday, month, holidays, major sporting events, and demographics of those presenting.
Males are at greater risk of assault presentation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.14, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 3.11-3.16; P < 0.001); with male:female ratios increasing on more violent nights. Risks peak at age 18 years. Deprived individuals have greater risks of presenting across all ages (AOR 3.87, 95% CIs 3.82-3.92; P < 0.001). Proportions of assaults from deprived communities increase midweek. Female presentations in affluent areas peak aged 20 years. By age 13, females from deprived communities exceed this peak. Presentations peak on Friday and Saturday nights and the eves of public holidays; the largest peak is on New Year's Eve. Assaults increase over summer with a nadir in January. Impacts of annual celebrations without holidays vary. Some (Halloween, Guy Fawkes and St Patrick's nights) see increased assaults while others (St George's and Valentine's Day nights) do not. Home nation World Cup football matches are associated with nearly a three times increase in midweek assault presentation. Other football and rugby events examined show no impact. The 2008 Olympics saw assaults fall. The overall calendar model strongly predicts observed presentations (R2 = 0.918; P < 0.001).
To date, the role of ED data has focused on helping target nightlife police activity. Its utility is much greater; capable of targeting and evaluating multi-agency life course approaches to violence prevention and optimising frontline resources. National ED data are critical for fully engaging health services in the prevention of violence.
急诊科（ED）数据有可能提供有关暴力最可能发生的时间以及遭受最大健康影响的人群特征的关键情报。我们使用国家实验性 ED 监测系统来研究如何针对高风险社区进行预防干预，并优化对日历、假期和其他庆祝活动相关的夜间袭击的急性反应。
对三年期间（2008 年 3 月 31 日至 2011 年 3 月 30 日）每晚 6.01 pm 至 6.00 am 到英语 ED 就诊的夜间袭击病例（n=330,172）进行横断面检查，分析按工作日、月份、假期、主要体育赛事以及就诊者人口统计学特征的变化。
男性遭受袭击的风险更高（调整后的优势比 [AOR] 3.14，95%置信区间 [CI] 3.11-3.16；P<0.001）；暴力程度更高的夜晚，男性与女性的比例增加。风险在 18 岁时达到峰值。所有年龄段的贫困人群面临更高的发病风险（AOR 3.87，95% CI 3.82-3.92；P<0.001）。贫困社区的袭击比例在周中增加。富裕地区的女性就诊高峰年龄为 20 岁。13 岁时，来自贫困社区的女性超过了这一高峰。就诊高峰出现在周五和周六晚上以及公共假期前夕；最大的高峰出现在新年前夜。夏季袭击事件增加，1 月达到最低点。无假期的年度庆祝活动的影响各不相同。一些（万圣节、盖伊·福克斯之夜和圣帕特里克节之夜）袭击事件增加，而另一些（圣乔治节和情人节之夜）则没有。观看本国世界杯足球比赛会导致周中袭击事件增加近三倍。其他足球和橄榄球赛事未见影响。2008 年奥运会期间袭击事件减少。总体日历模型能够很好地预测实际就诊情况（R2=0.918；P<0.001）。
迄今为止，ED 数据的作用一直集中在帮助确定夜生活警察活动的重点上。它的用途更大；能够针对和评估多机构的全生命周期暴力预防方法，并优化一线资源。国家 ED 数据对于充分利用卫生服务部门预防暴力至关重要。
