Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, UK.
Inj Prev. 2011 Oct;17(5):319-25. doi: 10.1136/ip.2010.030486. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
To examine relationships between violence, age (0-74 years), and deprivation, and to explore in which communities, age groups, and gender the potential for transmission of violent tendencies between individuals is greatest.
Five year (2004/2005 to 2008/2009) ecological study of emergency admissions resulting from violence (n=170074) into all English hospitals using trend and logistic regression analyses.
Hospital admissions for violence peak as individuals achieve legal adulthood (18 years). Risks of admission increase exponentially with increasing quintile of deprivation of residence, with odds overall being 5.5 times higher in the poorest quintile compared with the richest. The greatest absolute difference in violence admissions by deprivation quintile is seen in males aged 18 (218/100 000, richest; 698/100 000, poorest). However, the highest deprivation rate ratios (quintile 5:1) are seen at ages 0-10 years in both sexes and at all ages after 40 years in males (40-58 years, females). In males aged 17-19 years, violence accounts for 20% of the entire gap between wealthiest and poorest quintiles in all cause emergency hospital admissions.
Analyses identify four lifetime periods for violence: up to 10 years (prepubescent), 11-20 years (adolescence), 21-45 years (younger adults), and over 45 years (older adults). While violence is most common in adolescence, its concentration in poorer areas during prepubescence and in younger adulthood (parenting age) suggests that poorer children are exposed to much more aggressive communities. This is likely to contribute to the disproportionate escalation in violence they experience during adolescence. Effective interventions to prevent such escalations are available and need to be implemented particularly in poor communities.
探讨暴力、年龄（0-74 岁）和贫困之间的关系，并探索个体之间暴力倾向传播的潜在可能性在哪些社区、年龄组和性别中最大。
采用趋势和逻辑回归分析，对所有英国医院因暴力而入院的 5 年（2004/2005 年至 2008/2009 年）的急诊入院（n=170074）进行了生态研究。
暴力导致的医院入院率在个体达到法定成年年龄（18 岁）时达到峰值。入院风险随居住贫困程度的五分位数呈指数级增长，与最富裕的五分位数相比，最贫困的五分位数的入院几率总体高出 5.5 倍。在因暴力入院方面，贫困程度五分位数之间的绝对差异最大的是 18 岁的男性（最富裕的 218/100000，最贫困的 698/100000）。然而，在男性中，在所有年龄段中，男女两性在 0-10 岁年龄组和 40 岁以后（40-58 岁）的年龄组中，贫困程度五分位数的比值最高（5 分位比 1）。在 17-19 岁的男性中，暴力占所有原因急诊入院的最富裕和最贫困五分位数之间总差距的 20%。
分析确定了暴力的四个终生时期：10 岁以下（青春期前）、11-20 岁（青春期）、21-45 岁（年轻成年人）和 45 岁以上（老年人）。虽然暴力在青春期最为常见，但在青春期前和年轻成年人（生育年龄）期间在贫困地区更为集中，这表明贫困儿童更容易接触到更具攻击性的社区。这可能导致他们在青春期经历的暴力不成比例地升级。现已有预防这种升级的有效干预措施，需要在贫困社区特别加以实施。
