Soldatskiĭ Iu L, Zaĭtseva O V, Striga E V, Onufrieva E K, Tilikina L G
Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2012(3):26-9.
The objective of the present work was to study epidemiology of congenital stridor as a leading symptom of laryngeal malformation. The continuous sampling method was employed to perform the retrospective analysis of the growth charts of the patients attending three children's polyclinics in Moscow (9.625 patients born between 2005 and 2009). In addition, the medical histories of 4.623 newborn and breast-fed babies under the age of 1 year admitted to the Department of Newborn and Neonatal Pathology, Saint Vladimir City Children's Clinical Hospital, and 347 patients of the Department of Reconstructive Laryngeal Surgery were analysed. The children with the history of tracheal intubation in the preceding period were excluded from the study. The frequency of congenital stridor annually diagnosed in the aforementioned polyclinics varied from 0.17 to 5.8% compared with 1.5% in the general population. It was 2.21 to 3.14% (mean 2.47%) among the children treated at the Clinical Hospital. In the children under the age of 1 year, congenital malformations accounted for 90.8% of all laryngeal diseases. The principal cause of stridor was shown to be laryngomalacia. This pathology was diagnosed in 91.9% of the cases included in this study. In 11.2% of the patients, this condition occurred in combination with other congenital pathologies. It is concluded that the diagnosis of congenital stridor is an indication for laryngeal endoscopy regardless of the children's age starting from the first day of life. Meeting this recommendation allows the cause of stridor to be established and the treatment strategy to be developed on an individual basis.
本研究的目的是探讨以先天性喘鸣作为喉畸形主要症状的流行病学情况。采用连续抽样法，对莫斯科三家儿童综合诊所（2005年至2009年间出生的9625名患者）的生长图表进行回顾性分析。此外，还分析了圣弗拉基米尔市儿童临床医院新生儿及新生儿病理学部门收治的4623名1岁以下新生儿和母乳喂养婴儿的病历，以及喉重建外科部门的347名患者的病历。研究排除了前期有气管插管史的儿童。上述综合诊所每年诊断出的先天性喘鸣发生率在0.17%至5.8%之间，而普通人群中的发生率为1.5%。在临床医院接受治疗的儿童中，该发生率为2.21%至3.14%（平均2.47%）。在1岁以下儿童中，先天性畸形占所有喉部疾病的90.8%。结果显示，喘鸣的主要原因是喉软化症。本研究纳入的病例中，91.9%诊断为此种病理情况。11.2%的患者中，该病症与其他先天性病理情况合并出现。研究得出结论，无论儿童年龄大小，从出生第一天起，先天性喘鸣的诊断即为进行喉镜检查的指征。遵循这一建议可确定喘鸣的病因，并根据个体情况制定治疗策略。
