Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043957. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
Prior neuroimaging evidence indicates that decision conflict activates medial and lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices. Theoretical accounts of cognitive control highlight anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a central node in this network. However, a better understanding of the relative primacy and functional contributions of these areas to decision conflict requires insight into the neural dynamics of successive processing stages including conflict detection, response selection and execution. Moderate alcohol intoxication impairs cognitive control as it interferes with the ability to inhibit dominant, prepotent responses when they are no longer correct. To examine the effects of moderate intoxication on successive processing stages during cognitive control, spatio-temporal changes in total event-related theta power were measured during Stroop-induced conflict. Healthy social drinkers served as their own controls by participating in both alcohol (0.6 g/kg ethanol for men, 0.55 g/kg women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. Anatomically-constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG) approach was applied to complex power spectra for theta (4-7 Hz) frequencies. The principal generator of event-related theta power to conflict was estimated to ACC, with contributions from fronto-parietal areas. The ACC was uniquely sensitive to conflict during both early conflict detection, and later response selection and execution stages. Alcohol attenuated theta power to conflict across successive processing stages, suggesting that alcohol-induced deficits in cognitive control may result from theta suppression in the executive network. Slower RTs were associated with attenuated theta power estimated to ACC, indicating that alcohol impairs motor preparation and execution subserved by the ACC. In addition to their relevance for the currently prevailing accounts of cognitive control, our results suggest that alcohol-induced impairment of top-down strategic processing underlies poor self-control and inability to refrain from drinking.
先前的神经影像学证据表明，决策冲突会激活内侧和外侧前额叶和顶叶皮层。认知控制的理论解释强调了扣带前回（ACC）作为该网络中的一个核心节点。然而，要更好地理解这些区域对决策冲突的相对首要性和功能贡献，就需要深入了解包括冲突检测、反应选择和执行在内的连续处理阶段的神经动力学。中度酒精中毒会损害认知控制，因为它干扰了抑制主导、优势反应的能力，而这些反应在不再正确时已经不再正确。为了研究中度中毒对认知控制过程中连续处理阶段的影响，在 Stroop 诱发冲突期间测量了总事件相关 theta 功率的时空变化。健康的社交饮酒者通过在平衡设计中参与酒精（男性 0.6 g/kg 乙醇，女性 0.55 g/kg 乙醇）和安慰剂条件，作为自己的对照。应用解剖约束的脑磁图（aMEG）方法对 theta（4-7 Hz）频率的复杂功率谱进行分析。事件相关 theta 功率的主要发生器被估计为 ACC，来自额顶叶区域的贡献。ACC 在早期冲突检测和后期反应选择和执行阶段对冲突均具有独特的敏感性。酒精在连续处理阶段减弱了冲突的 theta 功率，这表明认知控制中的酒精诱导缺陷可能是由于执行网络中的 theta 抑制所致。较慢的 RTs 与估计到 ACC 的 theta 功率减弱相关，表明酒精会损害由 ACC 支持的运动准备和执行。除了与当前流行的认知控制理论解释相关外，我们的结果还表明，酒精对自上而下的策略处理的损害是自我控制能力差和无法克制饮酒的原因。
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