Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2013;53(1-2):71-9. doi: 10.3233/CH-2012-1577.
Platelets play a key role in primary hemostasis and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. When a plaque ruptures, platelets adhere to the underlying collagen matrix, become activated and aggregate, which may lead to vascular occlusions. Hemorheological aspects are intimately involved in this process. The assessment of this platelet function in vitro is difficult and has not reached the stage of routine use. Inhibition of platelet aggregation is the corner stone of any treatment of vascular disease. It is achieved mainly by to mechanisms, inhibition of thromboxane formation by acetylsalicylic acid, and with ADP receptor antagonists such as clopidogrel. Newer agents are being developed with the difficult mission to inhibit platelet aggregation more efficiently, and simultaneously reduce the risk of bleeding.
血小板在初级止血和动脉粥样硬化以及中风和心肌梗死等动脉血栓栓塞事件的发病机制中起着关键作用。当斑块破裂时，血小板黏附在下面的胶原基质上，被激活并聚集，这可能导致血管阻塞。血液流变学方面与这个过程密切相关。体外评估这种血小板功能很困难，尚未达到常规使用的阶段。抑制血小板聚集是治疗血管疾病的基石。这主要通过两种机制来实现，即乙酰水杨酸抑制血栓素形成，以及使用氯吡格雷等 ADP 受体拮抗剂。新的药物正在开发中，其艰巨任务是更有效地抑制血小板聚集，同时降低出血风险。
