American Red Cross, National Headquarters, Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2012 Nov;19(6):480-5. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328358b15c.
This review examines recent research on syncope after whole blood donation and efforts by blood centers to improve safety for young blood donors.
Young (16-18-year-old) volunteers contribute about 14% of the whole blood collected by the American Red Cross each year. Although quite safe, blood donation has some attendant risk, and syncopal reactions are more common among the youngest donors. Precautionary measures include predonation education, environmental controls, water ingestion shortly before phlebotomy, and distraction and muscle tension during collection. American Red Cross and Blood Systems, Inc. introduced new criteria to select donors with an estimated blood volume above 3.5 l. The changes led to about a 20% decrease in reactions among young blood donors, with the greatest benefit observed among the youngest, most susceptible donors.
Although the risk to blood donors cannot be eliminated, a systematic approach can achieve a significant and sustained improvement among vulnerable donor populations. Further research should explore novel ways to reduce the risk of syncope and prevent the uncommon, but potentially serious, associated injuries after whole blood donation.
本文回顾了近期关于全血捐献后晕厥的研究，以及血站为提高年轻献血者安全性所做的努力。
美国红十字会每年采集的全血中，约有 14%来自 16-18 岁的年轻志愿者。虽然献血非常安全，但也存在一定的风险，而晕厥反应在最年轻的献血者中更为常见。预防措施包括献血前教育、环境控制、采血前短时间内饮水、采血过程中的分心和肌肉紧张。美国红十字会和血液系统公司引入了新的标准，以选择估计血容量超过 3.5 升的献血者。这些变化使年轻献血者的反应率下降了约 20%，其中受益最大的是最年轻、最易受影响的献血者。
虽然不能消除献血者的风险，但系统的方法可以使脆弱的献血人群的风险显著且持续降低。进一步的研究应该探索减少晕厥风险和预防全血捐献后罕见但潜在严重的相关损伤的新方法。
