Department of Community Child Health, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Corner of Barker and Avoca St, Randwick 2031, Australia.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013 Feb;32(2):104-9. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31827075c2.
Predeparture medical screening and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination are routinely given to refugee children before departure from most transit countries en route to Australia.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this single measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the reliability of its documentation. This is important in determining refugees' susceptibility to measles and rubella and the risk to the nonvaccinated community.
We analyzed measles and rubella serology in a comprehensively screened population of newly arrived refugees. We reviewed seropositivity rates based on age, sex, country of departure and vaccine documentation.
Of 164 children screened, 139 (84.8%) were immune to rubella; 143 (87.7%) to measles and 119 (73.0%) to both. There was no significant difference in immunity among those of different ages or those departing different continents. Immunity rates among those with documented measles-mumps-rubella tended to be higher: 91.1% for rubella, 89.1% for measles and 80.0% for both diseases, but this did not reach significance at the 5% level. There was a significant difference between males (65.9%) and females (81.3%) immune to both diseases (P = 0.042).
This cohort demonstrated similar measles and rubella seropositivity rates to those of the Australian population, but lower rates than population seroconversion studies, which have been estimated at 95%. Males were less likely to be immune. Rates in those with documented vaccination approximated seroconversion studies. This confirms the appropriateness of current guidelines which suggest that immunization is not required in the face of documented prior vaccination, but is required without such documentation.
在大多数过境国家，为了在离开前往澳大利亚的途中保护难民儿童的健康，会对他们进行出发前的医学筛查并接种麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹三联疫苗。
本研究旨在评估这一剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹三联疫苗的有效性和其接种记录的可靠性。这对于确定难民对麻疹和风疹的易感性以及未接种疫苗人群的风险非常重要。
我们分析了新抵达难民的全面筛查人群的麻疹和风疹血清学。我们根据年龄、性别、出发国和疫苗接种记录来评估血清阳性率。
在 164 名接受筛查的儿童中，139 名（84.8%）对风疹具有免疫力；143 名（87.7%）对麻疹具有免疫力；119 名（73.0%）对两者均具有免疫力。不同年龄组或来自不同大陆的儿童之间的免疫力没有显著差异。有接种记录的儿童的免疫率往往更高：风疹为 91.1%，麻疹为 89.1%，两种疾病均为 80.0%，但这在 5%的水平上没有达到显著差异。有接种记录的儿童中，同时对两种疾病具有免疫力的男性（65.9%）和女性（81.3%）之间存在显著差异（P=0.042）。
本队列的麻疹和风疹血清阳性率与澳大利亚人群相似，但低于人群血清转化率研究估计的 95%。男性更不可能具有免疫力。有接种记录的儿童的接种率与血清转化率研究相近。这证实了当前指南的合理性，即对于有记录的既往接种，无需接种疫苗，但对于无接种记录，则需要接种疫苗。
