Fields Chris
Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
Adv Cogn Psychol. 2012;8(3):234-47. doi: 10.2478/v10053-008-0119-8. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
The contributions of feature recognition, object categorization, and recollection of episodic memories to the re-identification of a perceived object as the very same thing encountered in a previous perceptual episode are well understood in terms of both cognitive-behavioral phenomenology and neurofunctional implementation. Human beings do not, however, rely solely on features and context to re-identify individuals; in the presence of featural change and similarly-featured distractors, people routinely employ causal constraints to establish object identities. Based on available cognitive and neurofunctional data, the standard object-token based model of individual re-identification is extended to incorporate the construction of unobserved and hence fictive causal histories (FCHs) of observed objects by the pre-motor action planning system. It is suggested that functional deficits in the construction of FCHs are associated with clinical outcomes in both autism spectrum disorders and later-stage stage Alzheimer's disease.
从认知行为现象学和神经功能实现的角度来看，特征识别、物体分类以及情景记忆的回忆在将感知到的物体重新识别为先前感知事件中遇到的同一事物方面所起的作用已得到充分理解。然而，人类并非仅依靠特征和情境来重新识别个体；在存在特征变化和具有相似特征的干扰物的情况下，人们通常会运用因果约束来确定物体的身份。基于现有的认知和神经功能数据，基于标准物体标记的个体重新识别模型得到扩展，以纳入运动前动作规划系统对观察到的物体构建未观察到的、因此是虚构的因果历史（FCHs）。有人提出，FCHs构建中的功能缺陷与自闭症谱系障碍和晚期阿尔茨海默病的临床结果相关。
