Divisions of Substance Abuse and Women's Behavioral Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
Addict Behav. 2012 Dec;37(12):1349-52. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.07.010. Epub 2012 Jul 28.
Little is known about overall or gender-specific factors that may influence the relationship between negative affect and smoking behavior such as smoking expectancies. This paper presents a secondary analysis from a laboratory studying gender differences in smoking behavior following a musical mood induction [Weinberger, A.H., & McKee, S.A., 2012, Gender differences in smoking following an implicit mood induction. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14(5), 621-625]. The current analyses examine the role of expectancies (endorsement and accessibility) in the relationship of gender, affect, and smoking. Ninety adult smokers (50% female) were randomly assigned to a negative mood induction, positive mood induction, or neutral condition while completing a single laboratory session. Expectancy endorsement, expectancy accessibility, affect, and smoking topography were assessed following the mood induction. Female smokers with faster accessibility of negative reinforcement expectancies smoked more cigarettes, had longer puff durations, and had shorter inter-puff intervals. Women with faster expectancy accessibility were also more likely to endorse negative reinforcement smoking expectancies. This study was the first to demonstrate links among gender, mood, and accessibility of smoking-related beliefs. Information about the role of expectancy accessibility in smoking behavior can lead to both a better understanding of gender-specific mechanisms of smoking behavior and new directions for smoking treatment development.
目前人们对可能影响负性情绪与吸烟行为之间关系的总体或性别特异性因素（如吸烟预期）知之甚少。本文是对一项实验室研究的二次分析，该研究旨在探讨音乐情绪诱导后吸烟行为的性别差异[Weinberger, A.H., & McKee, S.A., 2012, Gender differences in smoking following an implicit mood induction. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14(5), 621-625]。目前的分析检验了预期（认可和可及性）在性别、情绪和吸烟之间关系中的作用。90 名成年吸烟者（50%为女性）在完成单次实验室会议时，被随机分配到负性情绪诱导、正性情绪诱导或中性条件。在情绪诱导后评估了预期认可、预期可及性、情绪和吸烟特征。负面强化预期可及性较快的女性吸烟者吸烟更多，吸嘴持续时间更长，吸嘴之间的间隔更短。预期可及性较快的女性也更有可能认可负面强化吸烟预期。这项研究首次证明了性别、情绪和与吸烟相关的信念的可及性之间的联系。有关预期可及性在吸烟行为中的作用的信息可以帮助我们更好地理解吸烟行为的性别特异性机制，并为吸烟治疗的发展提供新的方向。
