Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
Anim Cogn. 2013 Jan;16(1):109-15. doi: 10.1007/s10071-012-0556-0. Epub 2012 Sep 9.
Although pigeons have been shown to be susceptible to several size and length illusions, other avian species have not been tested intensively for illusory perception. Here we report how bantams perceive the Zöllner figure, in which parallel lines look nonparallel due to short crosshatches superimposed on the lines. Watanabe et al. (Cognition 119:137-141, 2011) showed that pigeons, like humans, perceived parallel lines as nonparallel but that the orientation of subjective convergence was opposite to that of humans. We trained three bantams to peck at the narrower (or wider) of the two gaps at the end of a pair of nonparallel lines. After adapting them to target lines with randomly oriented crosshatches (which result in no apparent illusion to humans), we tested the bantams' responses on randomly inserted probe trials, in which crosshatches that should induce the standard Zöllner-like illusion for humans replaced the randomly oriented ones. The results suggested bantams, like pigeons, perceive a reversed Zöllner illusion.
尽管已经证明鸽子容易受到几种大小和长度错觉的影响，但其他鸟类物种并没有被深入测试是否具有错觉感知能力。在这里，我们报告矮脚鸡如何感知 Zöllner 图形，其中由于线条上叠加的短交叉线，平行线看起来不平行。Watanabe 等人（Cognition 119:137-141, 2011）表明，鸽子与人类一样，将平行线视为不平行，但主观会聚的方向与人类相反。我们训练了三只矮脚鸡啄两条不平行线末端较窄（或较宽）的两条线之间的缝隙。在使它们适应具有随机定向交叉线的目标线后（这对人类来说没有明显的错觉），我们在随机插入的探测试验中测试了矮脚鸡的反应，其中应该为人类产生标准 Zöllner 类似错觉的交叉线代替了随机定向的交叉线。结果表明，矮脚鸡和鸽子一样，感知到了反转的 Zöllner 错觉。
