School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 888, UK.
Food Funct. 2013 Jan;4(1):52-62. doi: 10.1039/c2fo30151b. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
After acute ingestion of 350 ml of Concord grape juice, containing 528 μmol of (poly)phenolic compounds, by healthy volunteers, a wide array of phase I and II metabolites were detected in the circulation and excreted in urine. Ingestion of the juice by ileostomists resulted in 40% of compounds being recovered intact in ileal effluent. The current study investigated the fate of these undigested (poly)phenolic compounds on reaching the colon. This was achieved through incubation of the juice using an in vitro model of colonic fermentation and through quantification of catabolites produced after colonic degradation and their subsequent absorption prior to urinary excretion by healthy subjects and ileostomy volunteers. A total of 16 aromatic and phenolic compounds derived from colonic metabolism of Concord grape juice (poly)phenolic compounds were identified by GC-MS in the faecal incubation samples. Thirteen urinary phenolic acids and aromatic compounds were excreted in significantly increased amounts after intake of the juice by healthy volunteers, whereas only two of these compounds were excreted in elevated amounts by ileostomists. The production of phenolic acids and aromatic compounds by colonic catabolism contributed to the bioavailability of Concord grape (poly)phenolic compounds to a much greater extent than phase I and II metabolites originating from absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Catabolic pathways are proposed, highlighting the impact of colonic microbiota and subsequent phase II metabolism prior to excretion of phenolic compounds derived from (poly)phenolic compounds in Concord grape juice, which pass from the small to the large intestine.
在健康志愿者急性摄入 350 毫升含有 528 μmol（多）酚类化合物的康科德葡萄汁后，在循环系统中检测到大量的 I 相和 II 相代谢物，并从尿液中排泄。回肠造口术患者摄入这种果汁后，有 40%的化合物完整地从回肠流出物中回收。目前的研究调查了这些未消化的（多）酚类化合物到达结肠后的命运。这是通过使用结肠发酵的体外模型孵育果汁，并通过定量分析结肠降解后产生的代谢产物及其随后在健康受试者和回肠造口术志愿者的尿液排泄前的吸收来实现的。通过 GC-MS 在粪便孵育样本中鉴定出 16 种源自康科德葡萄汁（多）酚类化合物的结肠代谢的芳香族和酚类化合物。健康志愿者摄入果汁后，13 种尿酚酸和芳香族化合物的排泄量显著增加，而回肠造口术患者仅排泄出其中两种化合物。结肠代谢产生的酚酸和芳香族化合物对康科德葡萄（多）酚类化合物的生物利用度的贡献远远大于来源于上消化道吸收的 I 相和 II 相代谢物。提出了代谢途径，强调了结肠微生物群的影响以及随后的 II 相代谢在从康科德葡萄汁中的（多）酚类化合物衍生的酚类化合物排泄之前的作用，这些化合物从小肠转移到大肠。
