Bush P J, Iannotti R J
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.
Med Care. 1990 Jan;28(1):69-86. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199001000-00008.
The classic Health Belief Model (HBM) was adapted to explain children's expected medicine use for five common health problems. To evaluate this Children's Health Belief Model (CHBM), 270 urban preadolescents, stratified by socioeconomic status, grade level, and sex, and their primary caretakers (93% mothers) were individually interviewed. Analyses were performed in two steps. First, regression analysis evaluated the influence of the child's primary caretaker on the child's expected medicine use. Individual differences in children's motivations, perceived benefits and threats, and expectations to take medicines were partially explained by caretakers' perceptions of these children. Second, path analysis evaluated hypothesized causal relationships in the CHBM, accounting for 63% of the adjusted variance in children's expected medicine use. Two readiness factors, perceived severity of illness and perceived benefit of taking medicines, had the highest path coefficients, with illness concern and perceived vulnerability to illness accounting for a smaller, but significant, portion of the variance. Cognitive/Affective variables, notably children's health locus of control, contributed to indirect paths between demographic and readiness factors. The CHBM appears to be a promising model for studying the development of children's health beliefs and expectations.
经典的健康信念模型（HBM）被改编用于解释儿童对五种常见健康问题的预期用药情况。为了评估这种儿童健康信念模型（CHBM），对270名城市青少年及其主要照顾者（93%为母亲）进行了单独访谈，这些青少年按社会经济地位、年级水平和性别进行了分层。分析分两个步骤进行。首先，回归分析评估了儿童主要照顾者对儿童预期用药情况的影响。照顾者对这些儿童的认知部分解释了儿童在动机、感知到的益处和威胁以及用药期望方面的个体差异。其次，路径分析评估了CHBM中假设的因果关系，该分析解释了儿童预期用药情况中63%的调整后方差。两个准备因素，即感知到的疾病严重性和用药感知益处，具有最高的路径系数，对疾病的担忧和感知到的易患疾病性在方差中所占比例较小，但具有显著意义。认知/情感变量，特别是儿童的健康控制点，促成了人口统计学因素与准备因素之间的间接路径。CHBM似乎是研究儿童健康信念和期望发展的一个有前景的模型。
