Gibson E L, Wardle J, Watts C J
Health Behaviour Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK.
Appetite. 1998 Oct;31(2):205-28. doi: 10.1006/appe.1998.0180.
Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is an important health behaviour. Parental and other psychosocial influences on children's fruit and vegetable consumption are poorly understood. The contribution of a variety of psychosocial and environmental factors to consumption of fruit and vegetables by children aged 9-11 years was explored. Ninety-two mothers and children (48 girls and 44 boys) were recruited via urban primary health-care practices. Socio-economic and educational level, nutritional knowledge and health- and diet-related beliefs and attitudes were assessed in mothers and children by questionnaires and semistructured interviews. Mothers>> diets were measured by a food frequency questionnaire, while children's diets were assessed by 3-day diaries (N=80). The pattern of influence of the various measures on fruit and vegetable consumption was compared with that on children's confectionery intake. The children's intakes of macronutrients were typical for the U.K. (37% fat, 50% carbohydrate and 13% protein by energy; 12 g/day fibre), while median fruit, fruit juice and vegetable intake amounted to about 2.5 servings/day. Univariate correlations and subsequent multiple regression analyses revealed quite different influences on the three food types. Independent predictors of children's fruit intake included mothers>> nutritional knowledge (beta=0.37), mothers>> frequency of fruit consumption (beta=0.30) and mothers>> attitudinal conviction that increasing fruit and vegetable consumption by their children could reduce their risk of developing cancer (beta=0.27; multiple r2=0.37,p<0.0001). Children's vegetable consumption was independently explained by the child's liking for commonly eaten vegetables (beta=0.36) and the mother's belief in the importance of disease prevention when choosing her child's food (beta=-0.27 r2=0.20,p<0.001). Children's confectionery consumption was predicted by the mother's liking for confectionery (beta=0.32) and the children's concern for health in choosing what to eat (beta=-0.26 r2=0.16, p<0.005). Children's consumption of fruit and vegetables are related to different psychosocial and environmental factors. Promotion of this behaviour may require attention to nutritional education and child feeding strategies of parents.
增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量是一种重要的健康行为。父母及其他社会心理因素对儿童水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响目前还知之甚少。本研究探讨了多种社会心理和环境因素对9至11岁儿童水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响。通过城市初级卫生保健机构招募了92对母子（48名女孩和44名男孩）。通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈评估了母亲和孩子的社会经济和教育水平、营养知识以及与健康和饮食相关的信念和态度。母亲的饮食通过食物频率问卷进行测量，而孩子的饮食则通过3天饮食日记进行评估（N = 80）。将各种测量指标对水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响模式与对儿童糖果摄入量的影响模式进行了比较。这些儿童的常量营养素摄入量符合英国的典型水平（能量来源中脂肪占37%，碳水化合物占50%，蛋白质占13%；膳食纤维摄入量为12克/天），而水果、果汁和蔬菜的摄入量中位数约为2.5份/天。单变量相关性分析及随后的多元回归分析显示，不同因素对这三种食物类型的影响差异很大。儿童水果摄入量的独立预测因素包括母亲的营养知识（β = 0.37）、母亲食用水果的频率（β = 0.30）以及母亲坚信增加孩子水果和蔬菜的摄入量可以降低患癌风险（β = 0.27；多元相关系数r² = 0.37，p < 0.0001）。儿童蔬菜摄入量的独立影响因素是孩子对常见蔬菜的喜爱程度（β = 0.36）以及母亲在为孩子选择食物时对疾病预防重要性的信念（β = -0.27，r² = 0.20，p < 0.001）。母亲对糖果的喜爱程度（β = 0.32）以及孩子在选择食物时对健康的关注程度（β = -0.26，r² = 0.16，p < 0.005）可预测儿童的糖果摄入量。儿童水果和蔬菜的摄入量与不同的社会心理和环境因素有关。促进这种行为可能需要关注营养教育以及父母的儿童喂养策略。
