Laboratoire Socio-Psychologie et Management du Sport, Department of Psychology, University of Burgundy, France.
J Sports Sci. 2012 Dec;30(16):1757-65. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.718089. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
We examined the relationship between physical self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping among athletes by taking motives into consideration. In Study 1, 99 athletes were asked to report their tendency to engage in claimed self-handicapping for self-protective and self-enhancement motives (trait measures). Low self-esteem athletes reported a higher tendency to engage in claimed self-handicapping for these two motives compared with high self-esteem athletes. Neither low nor high self-esteem athletes reported a preference for one motive over the other. In Study 2, 107 athletes participated in a test that was ostensibly designed to assess high physical abilities - and thus to encourage self-handicapping for self-enhancement motives (success-meaningful condition) - or to assess low physical abilities, and thus to encourage self-handicapping for self-protective motives (failure-meaningful condition). Before starting the test, athletes were given the opportunity to claim handicaps that could impair their performance. Low self-esteem athletes claimed more handicaps than high self-esteem athletes in both conditions. Findings suggest that low physical self-esteem athletes engage more in claimed handicapping regardless of motives, relative to high physical self-esteem athletes.
我们通过考虑动机来研究身体自尊与运动员自陈的自我设限之间的关系。在研究 1 中，我们要求 99 名运动员报告他们出于自我保护和自我提升的动机而参与自陈自我设限的倾向（特质测量）。与高自尊运动员相比，低自尊运动员报告说他们更倾向于出于这两个动机而参与自陈自我设限。低自尊和高自尊运动员都没有表现出对一种动机的偏好超过另一种动机。在研究 2 中，我们让 107 名运动员参加了一项表面上旨在评估高身体能力的测试——从而鼓励出于自我提升动机的自我设限（有意义的成功条件），或者评估低身体能力，从而鼓励出于自我保护动机的自我设限（有意义的失败条件）。在开始测试之前，运动员有机会声称一些会影响他们表现的障碍。在两种情况下，低自尊运动员比高自尊运动员声称的障碍更多。研究结果表明，与高身体自尊运动员相比，低身体自尊运动员无论出于何种动机，都更倾向于参与自陈障碍。
