Laboratoire Socio-Psychologie et Management du Sport, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012 Oct;34(5):600-20. doi: 10.1123/jsep.34.5.600.
Two field studies investigate the role of self in the tendency of athletes to engage in claimed handicapping strategies during training (anticipatively claiming that handicaps may interfere with their performance). Study 1 tested the relationship between trait self-esteem and athletes' engagement in claimed self-handicapping. As hypothesized, low physical self-esteem athletes claimed more handicaps than high physical self-esteem athletes. For stronger evidence for the causal role of the self, Study 2 tested whether securing athletes' self-worth through self-affirmation would lead to decreased claimed self-handicapping by using a mixed model design that allows for both between-subjects (affirmation vs. control condition) and within-subject comparisons (before vs. after self-affirmation intervention). Self-affirmed athletes had decreased levels of claimed self-handicapping. Studies 1 and 2 also demonstrate that athletes engage in claimed self-handicapping during training, which could have deleterious effects on subsequent performance. Discussion centers on theoretical implications and applications for coaches, sport teachers, and sport psychologists.
两项现场研究调查了自我在运动员在训练中采用声称的障碍策略（预先声称障碍可能会干扰他们的表现）的趋势中的作用。研究 1 测试了特质自尊与运动员采用声称的自我障碍之间的关系。正如假设的那样，低身体自尊的运动员比高身体自尊的运动员声称有更多的障碍。为了更有力地证明自我的因果作用，研究 2 通过使用混合模型设计来测试通过自我肯定来确保运动员的自我价值是否会导致声称的自我障碍减少，该设计允许进行组间（肯定与对照组）和组内比较（自我肯定干预前后）。自我肯定的运动员声称的自我障碍水平降低。研究 1 和 2 还表明，运动员在训练中采用声称的自我障碍，这可能对随后的表现产生不利影响。讨论集中在教练、体育教师和运动心理学家的理论意义和应用上。
