特罗姆瑟眼研究：视力和屈光不正的研究设计、方法学和结果。
The Tromsø Eye Study: study design, methodology and results on visual acuity and refractive errors.
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, NorwayResearch Group of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, NorwayBrain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Ophthalmology, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, NorwayDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, NorwayNIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKUCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Head of Reading Centre, London, UKDepartment of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
出版信息
Acta Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov;91(7):635-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02511.x. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
PURPOSE
To describe the study design and methodology of the Tromsø Eye Study (TES), and to describe visual acuity and refractive error in the study population.
METHODS
The Tromsø Eye Study is a sub-study of the Tromsø Study, a population-based multipurpose longitudinal study in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway. The Tromsø Eye Study was a part of the sixth survey of the Tromsø Study, conducted from October 2007 through December 2008. The eye examination included information on self-reported eye diseases, assessment of visual acuity and refractive errors, retinal photography and optical coherence tomography. Retinal images were graded for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, and with computer-assisted measurements of arteriolar and venular diameters. In addition, TES researchers have access to the large comprehensive Tromsø Study database including physical examination results, carotid artery ultrasound, electrocardiogram, bone densitometry, cognitive tests, questionnaires, DNA, blood and urine samples and more from the present and the five previous surveys.
RESULTS
Visual acuity was assessed in 6459 subjects and refraction in 6566 subjects aged 38-87 years. Snellen visual acuity <20/60 was found in 1.2% (95% CI 0.95-1.5) of the participants and there was no gender difference. Visual impairment increased with age, and in the age group 80-87 years, the overall visual acuity <20/60 was 7.3% (95% CI 3.3-11.2). Spherical equivalent showed an increasing trend with age and there was no clinically relevant difference between men and women. Retinal photography was performed in 6540 subjects.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of visual impairment was low but increased with age. There was a trend towards hyperopia with age and no clinically relevant difference in refraction between the sexes. TES aims to provide epidemiological research on several eye and eye-related diseases. Owing to a comprehensive data collection, it has the opportunity to explore issues related to environmental factors, cognition and their interaction with diseases in this community.
目的
描述特罗姆瑟眼病研究（TES）的研究设计和方法，并描述研究人群的视力和屈光不正情况。
方法
特罗姆瑟眼病研究是挪威特罗姆瑟市一项基于人群的多用途纵向研究——特罗姆瑟研究的子研究。特罗姆瑟眼病研究是特罗姆瑟研究第六次调查的一部分，于 2007 年 10 月至 2008 年 12 月进行。眼部检查包括眼部疾病的自我报告信息、视力和屈光不正评估、视网膜摄影和光相干断层扫描。视网膜图像经过糖尿病视网膜病变和年龄相关性黄斑变性分级，并通过计算机辅助测量动静脉直径。此外，TES 研究人员可以访问大型综合特罗姆瑟研究数据库，其中包括来自当前和前五次调查的体检结果、颈动脉超声、心电图、骨密度测定、认知测试、问卷、DNA、血液和尿液样本等。
结果
共有 6459 名年龄在 38-87 岁的受试者接受了视力评估，6566 名受试者接受了屈光评估。参与者中有 1.2%（95%置信区间 0.95-1.5）的 Snellen 视力<20/60，且男女之间无性别差异。视力障碍随年龄增长而增加，在 80-87 岁年龄组中，总体视力<20/60 的比例为 7.3%（95%置信区间 3.3-11.2）。等效球镜显示出随年龄增长的上升趋势，且男女之间没有临床相关差异。对 6540 名受试者进行了视网膜摄影。
结论
视力障碍的患病率较低，但随年龄增长而增加。随年龄增长存在远视趋势，且性别之间的屈光不正无临床相关差异。TES 旨在提供关于多种眼部和眼部相关疾病的流行病学研究。由于综合数据收集，它有机会在该社区中探讨与环境因素、认知及其与疾病的相互作用相关的问题。
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