Truesdale Kelly, Jurdi Adham
Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Kingsport, TN 37660, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013 Sep;30(6):587-9. doi: 10.1177/1049909112458577. Epub 2012 Sep 9.
Cough is one of the most common symptoms prompting patients to be seen by health care providers in the United States. Persistent cough can disrupt daily activities such as conversation, eating, breathing, and sleeping, and it can become extremely debilitating both physically and mentally. Pharmacological treatments include dextramethorphan, opioid cough suppressants, benzonatate, inhaled ipratropium, and guaifenesin. Successful cough suppression has also been demonstrated in several studies with the use of nebulized lidocaine. Nebulized lidocaine also appears to be well tolerated by patients with minimal side effects including dysphonia, oropharyngeal numbness, and bitter taste. Studies conducted thus far have been small, so larger randomized control trials comparing nebulized lidocaine to placebo need to be conducted in the future.
咳嗽是促使美国患者就医的最常见症状之一。持续性咳嗽会干扰日常活动，如交谈、进食、呼吸和睡眠，并且会在身体和精神上变得极度虚弱。药物治疗包括右美沙芬、阿片类止咳药、苯佐那酯、吸入用异丙托溴铵和愈创甘油醚。多项研究表明，雾化利多卡因也能成功抑制咳嗽。雾化利多卡因似乎也能被患者很好地耐受，副作用最小，包括声音嘶哑、口咽麻木和口苦。迄今为止进行的研究规模较小，因此未来需要进行更大规模的将雾化利多卡因与安慰剂进行比较的随机对照试验。
