Kudlová Eva, Schneidrová Dagmar
Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2012 Jun;20(2):126-34. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3703.
Early childhood is a critical period for shaping and influencing feeding behaviours which have implications for future health. Understanding the food consumption patterns and their shifts over time can provide guidance to health care providers and nutrition specialists who provide nutrition counselling and develop nutrition messages.
To examine feeding patterns of 1-5 year old children and their changes with age.
Across-sectional questionnaire study designed to obtain information on basic demographic indicators and feeding habits was conducted in Prague and all 13 regions of the Czech Republic. The carers of 1,130 children aged 1 to 5 years were approached in public places. Obtained data were computerized, descriptive statistics and t-tests for food intake frequency by age, breast-feeding status, sex, maternal education, and domicile were calculated. The difference was considered significant when P value was < 0.05.
The median duration of breast-feeding of children not breast-fed at the time of the interview was 9 months; 29.5% one-year olds were still breast-fed at the time of the interview. Median number of meals per day was 4 in 1 and 5 year olds and 5 in children 2 to 4 years old. The diet of one-year-olds, albeit with lower fruit and vegetable consumption and low fish consumption, was close to recommendations. The milk and milk products, fruit, vegetable, and poultry intake frequency significantly decreased with age. The meat and grains groups, smoked meat and meat products, sweets, and fried food intake frequency significantly increased with age. Fish consumption remained low. Higher vegetable intake frequency was associated with breast-feeding, maternal education, and female sex. Higher fruit consumption was associated with breast-feeding and living in Prague. Higher meat group intake frequency was associated with male sex.
Our data confirm that the dietary habits are formed early in the life. Enhancement of multi-channel delivery of nutrition messages for feeding of toddlers and pre-schoolers and for the improvement of family eating habits are needed.
幼儿期是塑造和影响喂养行为的关键时期，这些行为会对未来健康产生影响。了解食物消费模式及其随时间的变化，可以为提供营养咨询和制定营养信息的医疗保健提供者和营养专家提供指导。
研究1至5岁儿童的喂养模式及其随年龄的变化。
在布拉格和捷克共和国的所有13个地区进行了一项横断面问卷调查研究，旨在获取基本人口统计学指标和喂养习惯的信息。在公共场所接触了1130名1至5岁儿童的照顾者。将获得的数据进行计算机处理，计算年龄、母乳喂养状况、性别、母亲教育程度和居住地的食物摄入频率的描述性统计数据和t检验。当P值<0.05时，差异被认为具有统计学意义。
在访谈时未进行母乳喂养的儿童，母乳喂养的中位持续时间为9个月；29.5%的1岁儿童在访谈时仍在进行母乳喂养。1岁和5岁儿童每天的餐数中位数为4次，2至4岁儿童为5次。1岁儿童的饮食虽然水果和蔬菜消费量较低，鱼类消费量也较低，但接近推荐水平。牛奶及奶制品、水果、蔬菜和家禽的摄入频率随年龄显著下降。肉类和谷物组、烟熏肉和肉制品、糖果和油炸食品的摄入频率随年龄显著增加。鱼类消费量仍然较低。较高的蔬菜摄入频率与母乳喂养、母亲教育程度和女性性别有关。较高的水果消费量与母乳喂养和居住在布拉格有关。较高的肉类组摄入频率与男性性别有关。
我们的数据证实饮食习惯在生命早期就已形成。需要加强多渠道传递营养信息，以指导幼儿和学龄前儿童的喂养，并改善家庭饮食习惯。
