Tulving E, Schacter D L
University of Toronto, Canada.
Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.2296719.
Priming is a nonconscious form of human memory, which is concerned with perceptual identification of words and objects and which has only recently been recognized as separate from other forms of memory or memory systems. It is currently under intense experimental scrutiny. Evidence is converging for the proposition that priming is an expression of a perceptual representation system that operates at a pre-semantic level; it emerges early in development, and access to it lacks the kind of flexibility characteristic of other cognitive memory systems. Conceptual priming, however, seems to be based on the operations of semantic memory.
启动效应是人类记忆的一种非意识形式,它与单词和物体的感知识别有关,并且直到最近才被认为与其他形式的记忆或记忆系统有所不同。目前它正受到深入的实验研究。越来越多的证据支持这样一种观点,即启动效应是一种在语义前水平运作的感知表征系统的表现;它在发育早期出现,对其的提取缺乏其他认知记忆系统所具有的那种灵活性。然而,概念启动效应似乎是基于语义记忆的运作。