Morin-Papunen Laure, Koivunen Riitta
OYS, naistentautien ja synnytysklinikka.
Duodecim. 2012;128(15):1568-75.
The main cause for male infertility is oligo-azoospermia. Correct etiological diagnosis of azoospermia is important. If sperm analysis is abnormal, an endocrinological evaluation should be performed. The causes for azoospermia can be divided into obstructive and non-obstructive causes; the differential diagnosis is based on the levels of serum gonadotropins and testosterone. A frequent cause for azoospermia is the use of testosterone or anabolic steroids. However, spermatogenesis generally recovers spontaneously after discontinuing the medication. For other cases of oligo/azoospermia, the most commonly used treatment modalities or antiestrogens, and testicular sperm aspiration or microscopic testicular sperm extraction in association with intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
男性不育的主要原因是少精子症和无精子症。准确的无精子症病因诊断很重要。如果精液分析异常，应进行内分泌评估。无精子症的病因可分为梗阻性和非梗阻性病因；鉴别诊断基于血清促性腺激素和睾酮水平。无精子症的常见病因是使用睾酮或合成代谢类固醇。然而，停药后精子发生通常会自发恢复。对于其他少精子症/无精子症病例，最常用的治疗方式是抗雌激素药物，以及睾丸精子抽吸或显微睾丸精子提取联合胞浆内单精子注射。
