Tudehope David, Gibbons Kristen, Cormack Barbara, Bloomfield Frank
Mothers and Babies Research Theme, Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Sep;48(9):759-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02534.x.
Growth charts are the mainstay of monitoring growth in babies who were born small or preterm. A variety of different charts are available, each with specific limitations. Most birthweight centile charts underestimate growth restriction in preterm babies and there are few good charts for monitoring longitudinal growth in preterm babies; it is important to be aware of the limitations of using cross-sectional data for monitoring longitudinal growth. Customised centile charts of fetal growth are used increasingly for antenatal monitoring for small-for-gestational age fetuses despite a lack of robust evidence. It is also unclear whether customised centile charts should be used for assessing birthweight, particularly in babies born at term. Faltering post-natal growth in preterm babies is very common but need not be universal with close attention to nutrition. Monitoring of growth trajectories through infancy following either fetal growth restriction or post-natal faltering growth is important to ensure proportional growth, particularly during periods of accelerated growth. This review will discuss these issues in the context of current practice in Australia and New Zealand.
生长图表是监测出生时体重小或早产婴儿生长情况的主要手段。有多种不同的图表可供使用，每种都有特定的局限性。大多数出生体重百分位数图表会低估早产婴儿的生长受限情况，而且几乎没有用于监测早产婴儿纵向生长的良好图表；重要的是要意识到使用横断面数据监测纵向生长的局限性。尽管缺乏有力证据，但定制的胎儿生长百分位数图表越来越多地用于对小于胎龄胎儿的产前监测。同样不清楚定制的百分位数图表是否应用于评估出生体重，尤其是足月出生的婴儿。早产婴儿出生后生长迟缓非常常见，但通过密切关注营养不一定会普遍出现。在胎儿生长受限或出生后生长迟缓后，监测婴儿期的生长轨迹对于确保成比例生长很重要，尤其是在生长加速期。本综述将在澳大利亚和新西兰当前实践的背景下讨论这些问题。
