National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012 Nov;168(6):1718-27. doi: 10.1007/s12010-012-9891-5. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Metabolomics is the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints of low molecular weight endogenous metabolites or metabolite profiles in a biological sample. Metabolites that are important indicators of physiological or pathological states can provide information for the identification of early and differential markers for disease and help to understand its occurrence and progression. Analysis of these key biomarkers has become an important role to monitor the state of biological organisms and is a widely used diagnostic tool for disease. Metabolomic analyses are propelling the field of medical diagnostics forward at unprecedented rates because of its ability to reliably identify metabolites that are at the metabolic level in concentration. These advancements have benefited biomarker research to the point where saliva is now recognized as an excellent diagnostic medium for the detection of disease. Saliva contains a large array of metabolites, many of which can be informative for the detection of diseases. Salivary diagnostics offer an easy, inexpensive, safe, and noninvasive approach for disease detection. Discovery of salivary biomarkers that could be used to scrutinize health and disease surveillance has addressed its diagnostic value for clinical applications. Availability of emerging metabolomic techniques gives optimism that saliva can eventually be placed as a biomedium for clinical diagnostics. Comprehensive salivary metabolome will be an important resource for researchers who are studying metabolite chemistry, especially in the fields of salivary diagnostics, and will be helpful for analyzing and hence identifying corresponding disease-related salivary biomarkers. This review presents an overview of the value of saliva as a credible diagnostic tool, the discovery of salivary biomarkers, and the development of salivary diagnostics now and in the future. In particular, proof of principle has been demonstrated for salivary biomarker research.
代谢组学是系统研究生物样本中低分子量内源性代谢物或代谢物图谱的独特化学指纹图谱。作为生理或病理状态的重要指标的代谢物可以为疾病的早期和差异化标志物的识别提供信息，并有助于了解其发生和进展。分析这些关键生物标志物已成为监测生物机体状态的重要手段，也是疾病广泛使用的诊断工具。代谢组学分析以其在浓度水平上可靠识别代谢物的能力，以前所未有的速度推动医学诊断领域的发展。这些进展使生物标志物研究受益匪浅，以至于唾液现在被认为是检测疾病的极好诊断介质。唾液中含有大量代谢物，其中许多可用于疾病的检测。唾液诊断提供了一种简便、廉价、安全且非侵入性的疾病检测方法。发现可用于检查健康和疾病监测的唾液生物标志物，解决了其在临床应用中的诊断价值。新兴代谢组学技术的出现为唾液最终可作为临床诊断的生物介质提供了希望。全面的唾液代谢组将成为研究代谢物化学的研究人员的重要资源，特别是在唾液诊断领域，有助于分析和识别相应的与疾病相关的唾液生物标志物。本文综述了唾液作为一种可信的诊断工具的价值、唾液生物标志物的发现以及唾液诊断在现在和未来的发展。特别是，唾液生物标志物研究已经证明了原理的可行性。
