Department of Pharmaceutical Information Sciences, Matsuyama University, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
J Pharmacol Sci. 2012;120(1):1-5. doi: 10.1254/jphs.11r09cp. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
Motivation is a process that continuously changes behavior to achieve a goal and can be conceptualized as a series of steps relating to that process. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior is considered to consist of reward and motivational effects. Moreover, priming stimulation of ICSS behavior is known to promote motivational effects. Using the runway method and priming stimulation, rewards and motivational effects of ICSS behavior can be differentiated. We investigated whether the runway method and priming stimulation of ICSS behavior could be used to evaluate motivational effects of a drug. In the ICSS runway model, running speed was considered as a reference of motivational effect. An assessment of pharmacological drugs known to influence motivational states was also undertaken. Using our experimental methods, prominent changes were observed in running speed when animals were administered methamphetamine and nicotine. Based on our results, we conclude that the runway method may be useful for the evaluation of substances that affect motivation. This review introduces 4 types of neuronal processes involved in motivation, reward mechanisms, outlines evaluation methods, and describes motivational properties of psychoactive drugs.
动机是一个持续改变行为以实现目标的过程，可以被概念化为与该过程相关的一系列步骤。颅内自我刺激（ICSS）行为被认为包含奖励和动机效应。此外，已知刺激 ICSS 行为可以促进动机效应。使用跑道方法和刺激启动，可以区分 ICSS 行为的奖励和动机效应。我们研究了 ICSS 行为的跑道方法和刺激启动是否可用于评估药物的动机效应。在 ICSS 跑道模型中，奔跑速度被认为是动机效应的参考。还对已知影响动机状态的药理学药物进行了评估。使用我们的实验方法，当动物给予安非他命和尼古丁时，观察到奔跑速度明显变化。根据我们的结果，我们得出结论，跑道方法可能有助于评估影响动机的物质。这篇综述介绍了涉及动机的 4 种神经元过程、奖励机制、概述了评估方法，并描述了精神活性药物的动机特性。
