Martin Julia Elizabeth, Hure Alexis Jayne, Macdonald-Wicks Lesley, Smith Roger, Collins Clare Elizabeth
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Faculty of Health, niversity of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, Australia; Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Matern Child Nutr. 2014 Oct;10(4):496-509. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00437.x. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Post-partum weight retention (WR) occurs in 60-80% of women with some retaining ≥10 kg with contributing factors reported as pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and breastfeeding. A longitudinal study of pregnancy, with 12-month post-partum follow-up was conducted to determine factors associated with WR. Pregnant women (n = 152) were recruited from the John Hunter Hospital antenatal clinic in New South Wales, Australia. Pre-pregnancy weight was self-reported; weight was measured four times during pregnancy (for GWG) and in the first 12 months post-partum. Infant feeding data were obtained via questionnaires. Breastfeeding was categorised as exclusive, predominant, complementary or not breastfeeding. Linear mixed models tested the predictors of WR, with and without adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with pre-pregnancy weight, 68% of women retained weight at 12 months, median (interquartile range) [4.5 kg (2.1-8.9)]. After adjustment, GWG was positively associated with WR (P < 0.01), but pre-pregnancy weight did not predict WR. For each additional week of any breastfeeding, 0.04 kg less weight was retained. Compared with women who retained weight, those women who did retain had higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding at three months (P < 0.05), but the number of weeks of exclusive breastfeeding failed to predict WR for all women. WR following childbirth is common and associated with GWG, while the number of weeks of 'any' breastfeeding contributed to post-partum weight loss. Whether these factors are modifiable strategies to optimise the weight status of women at this life stage requires further research.
60%至80%的女性产后会出现体重滞留（WR），部分女性体重滞留≥10千克，据报道，促成因素包括孕前体重指数（BMI）、孕期体重增加（GWG）和母乳喂养。开展了一项对孕期进行的纵向研究，并在产后12个月进行随访，以确定与体重滞留相关的因素。从澳大利亚新南威尔士州约翰·亨特医院产前诊所招募了152名孕妇。孕前体重由孕妇自行报告；在孕期测量了4次体重（用于计算GWG）以及产后前12个月的体重。通过问卷调查获取婴儿喂养数据。母乳喂养分为纯母乳喂养、主要母乳喂养、辅助母乳喂养或非母乳喂养。线性混合模型测试了体重滞留的预测因素，并对潜在混杂因素进行了调整或未调整。与孕前体重相比，68%的女性在12个月时体重滞留，中位数（四分位间距）为[4.5千克（2.1 - 8.9）]。调整后，GWG与体重滞留呈正相关（P < 0.01），但孕前体重并不能预测体重滞留。每多进行一周的任何形式的母乳喂养，体重滞留就会减少0.04千克。与体重滞留的女性相比，未出现体重滞留的女性在三个月时纯母乳喂养率更高（P < 0.05），但纯母乳喂养的周数并不能预测所有女性的体重滞留情况。产后体重滞留很常见，且与GWG相关，而“任何形式”母乳喂养的周数有助于产后体重减轻。这些因素是否为优化这一生命阶段女性体重状况的可改变策略，还需要进一步研究。
