School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Feb;27(1):15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.012. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
Sexual violence can lead to a multitude of health consequences, including physical, reproductive and psychological. Some may be fatal, whereas others, such as unhealthy behaviours, may occur indirectly as a result of the violence. In total, these result in a significant health burden and should be considered by service providers, government authorities and non-governmental agencies. For women who present early, immediate care should be provided with plans for follow up. Mental-health interventions are important, as women who are sexually assaulted have the highest burden of post-traumatic stress disorder. Cognitive- behavioural therapy has been found to be effective for preventing and treating post-traumatic stress disorder, but psychological debriefing for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder is not recommended. Implementing a routine screening and intervention programme in obstetrics and gynaecology departments may be valuable, as reproductive health consequences are common.
性暴力可导致多种健康后果，包括身体、生殖和心理方面的后果。有些后果可能是致命的，而其他后果，如不健康行为，则可能是暴力的间接后果。总的来说，这些后果造成了巨大的健康负担，服务提供者、政府当局和非政府机构都应予以考虑。对于那些及早就诊的妇女，应立即提供护理，并制定后续计划。心理健康干预非常重要，因为遭受性侵犯的妇女患有创伤后应激障碍的负担最重。认知行为疗法已被证明对预防和治疗创伤后应激障碍有效，但不建议使用心理疏导来预防创伤后应激障碍。在妇产科实施常规筛查和干预计划可能具有价值，因为生殖健康后果很常见。
