HIV and AIDS Program, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;762:155-81. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_6.
This chapter summarizes advances in the following areas: (1) dendritic cell (DC)-mediated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission, (2) role of DCs in innate and adaptive immunity against SIV, and (3) approaches to harness DC function to induce anti-SIV responses. The nonhuman primate (NHP) model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in rhesus macaques and other Asian NHP species is highly relevant to advance the understanding of virus-host interactions critical for transmission and disease pathogenesis. HIV infection is associated with changes in frequency, phenotype, and function of the two principal subsets of DCs, myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. DC biology during pathogenic SIV infection is strikingly similar to that observed in HIV-infected patients. The NHP models provide an opportunity to dissect the requirements for DC-driven SIV infection and to understand how SIV distorts the DC system to its advantage. Furthermore, the SIV model of mucosal transmission enables the study of the earliest events of infection at the portal of entry that cannot be studied in humans, and, importantly, the involvement of DCs. Nonpathogenic infection in African NHP hosts allows investigations into the role of DCs in disease control. Understanding how DCs are altered during SIV infection is critical to the design of therapeutic and preventative strategies against HIV.
（1）树突状细胞（DC）介导的猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）传播；（2）DC 在针对 SIV 的先天和适应性免疫中的作用；（3）利用 DC 功能诱导抗 SIV 反应的方法。恒河猴和其他亚洲非人灵长类动物中的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的非人类灵长类动物（NHP）模型与推进对病毒-宿主相互作用的理解高度相关，这些相互作用对于传播和疾病发病机制至关重要。HIV 感染与两种主要 DC 亚群（髓样 DC 和浆细胞样 DC）的频率、表型和功能的变化有关。在致病性 SIV 感染期间的 DC 生物学与在 HIV 感染患者中观察到的非常相似。NHP 模型提供了一个机会来剖析 DC 驱动的 SIV 感染的要求，并了解 SIV 如何扭曲 DC 系统以使其受益。此外，黏膜传播的 SIV 模型使人们能够研究感染进入门户的最早事件，而这些事件在人类中无法研究，重要的是，还涉及 DC。非洲 NHP 宿主中的非致病性感染使人们能够研究 DC 在疾病控制中的作用。了解 SIV 感染期间 DC 如何发生改变对于设计针对 HIV 的治疗和预防策略至关重要。
