USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 100 Stone Blvd, Thompson Hall, Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 May;185(5):4245-59. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2865-9. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
Constructed wetland (CW) and constructed pond (CP) are commonly utilized for removal of excess nutrients and certain pollutants from stormwater. This study characterized shallow groundwater quality for pre- and post-CW and CP system conditions using data from monitoring wells. Results showed that the average concentrations of groundwater phosphorus (P) decreased from pre-CW to post-CW but increased from pre-CP to post-CP. The average concentrations of groundwater total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium (NH(4)(+)) increased from pre-CW (or CP) to post-CW (or CP), whereas the average concentrations of groundwater arsenic (As), chromium, nickel, and zinc (Zn) decreased from pre-CW to post-CW regardless of the well locations. Variations of groundwater cadmium, copper, and Zn concentrations were larger in pre-CP than in post-CP and had a tendency to decrease from pre-CP to post-CP. In general, the average concentrations of groundwater aluminum and manganese decreased and of groundwater calcium, iron, magnesium, and sodium increased from pre-CP to post-CP. The average values of water levels (depth from the ground surface), redox potential, and conductance decreased and of chloride and sulfate (SO(4)(-2)) increased after the wetland and pond were constructed regardless of the well locations. Results further revealed that there were significant differences (α = 0.05) between the pre- and post-CW (or CP) for redox potential, water level, and As. This study suggests that the CW-CP system had discernible effects on some of the shallow groundwater quality constituents. This information is very useful for fully estimating overall performance of stormwater treatment with the CW-CP system.
人工湿地（CW）和人工池塘（CP）常用于去除雨水过多的营养物质和某些污染物。本研究利用监测井的数据，描述了CW 和 CP 系统前后的浅层地下水质量特征。结果表明，地下水磷（P）的平均浓度从 CW 前到 CW 后降低，但从 CP 前到 CP 后增加。地下水总凯氏氮和铵（NH（4）（+））的平均浓度从 CW（或 CP）前到 CW（或 CP）后增加，而地下水砷（As）、铬、镍和锌（Zn）的平均浓度从 CW 前到 CW 后降低，无论井位如何。地下水镉、铜和 Zn 浓度的变化在 CP 前比 CP 后更大，并且从 CP 前到 CP 后有降低的趋势。一般来说，地下水铝和锰的平均浓度降低，而地下水钙、铁、镁和钠的平均浓度从 CP 前到 CP 后增加。无论井位如何，湿地和池塘建成后，地下水水位（从地面到地下的深度）、氧化还原电位和电导率的平均值降低，而氯和硫酸盐（SO（4）（-2））的平均值增加。结果进一步表明，氧化还原电位、水位和 As 在 CW 前后（或 CP）存在显著差异（α=0.05）。本研究表明，CW-CP 系统对一些浅层地下水质量成分有明显的影响。这些信息对于全面评估 CW-CP 系统处理雨水的整体性能非常有用。
