Odek W O, Glendinning A, Charalambous S
Department of Sociology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Aurum Institute for Health Research, Aurum House, The Ridge, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Work. 2014;47(2):145-56. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1469.
To examine the relationship of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) clinical markers and socio-demographic characteristics with long-term formal employment among people living with HIV (PLHIV).
554 adults, 55% females, on HIV treatment for at least two years at two public hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa.
A retrospective cohort design, tracing changes in study participants' formal employment status since the first HIV-positive diagnosis. Data collection included historical medical records review and interviewer-administered questionnaires.
44% of all study participants (39% and 49% among males and females, respectively) were formally employed at the time of the study, primarily in low-skilled jobs in the private sector. The majority (83%) of males and 60% of females remained in formal employment since being diagnosed as HIV-positive. Female gender, education to grade 12 or higher, a smaller household size and being married were significantly associated with current formal employment. Formal employment was unrelated to HIV treatment indicators (CD4 count, viral load and duration since diagnosis). Of those in formal employment, 68 (28%) were aware of HIV policies at their workplaces, which was also positively associated with the duration in their current employment.
PLHIV in developing country contexts can enter into and maintain formal employment, especially when treatment and workplace support are available. Thus, employer organisations should implement effective workplace HIV policies to enhance employment experiences of their workforce living with HIV. Care and support services for people on HIV treatment should also address their career development needs.
探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）临床标志物及社会人口学特征与HIV感染者（PLHIV）长期正规就业之间的关系。
554名成年人，其中55%为女性，在南非约翰内斯堡的两家公立医院接受至少两年的HIV治疗。
采用回顾性队列设计，追踪研究参与者自首次HIV阳性诊断以来正规就业状况的变化。数据收集包括查阅历史病历和由访谈员管理的问卷调查。
在研究时，所有研究参与者中有44%（男性和女性分别为39%和49%）有正规工作，主要是在私营部门从事低技能工作。自被诊断为HIV阳性以来，大多数男性（83%）和60%的女性一直保持正规就业。女性、接受过12年级及以上教育、家庭规模较小以及已婚与当前的正规就业显著相关。正规就业与HIV治疗指标（CD4计数、病毒载量和诊断后的持续时间）无关。在有正规工作的人中，68人（28%）知晓其工作场所的HIV政策，这也与他们当前的就业时长呈正相关。
在发展中国家背景下，PLHIV能够进入并维持正规就业，尤其是在有治疗和工作场所支持的情况下。因此，雇主组织应实施有效的工作场所HIV政策，以改善其感染HIV员工的就业体验。为接受HIV治疗的人提供的护理和支持服务也应满足他们的职业发展需求。
