Zamparo P, Vicentini M, Scattolini A, Rigamonti M, Bonifazi M
Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012 Oct;52(5):457-64.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects: 1) of maximal velocity (vout max) and acceleration (aout max) attained during the turn; 2) of deceleration (-aglide) and glide efficiency (GE) in the gliding phase after the turn; and 3) of the efficiency (hF) of the dolphin kick in determining the velocity and acceleration in the first 5 and the following 10 m after a turn (v5, v5-15, a5 and a5-15) in a 100 m simulated front crawl race.
The experiments were conducted on 13 swimmers (7M/5F) and all the above mentioned parameters were derived from underwater kinematical analysis.
The 100 m times were smaller the larger v5, v5-15, a5 and a5-15. In turn, v5, v5-15, a5 and a5-15 were significantly related to vout max and aout max as well as to ηF and GE (R>0.57, P<0.05).
Data reported in this study indicate that in the first 5-15 m after the turn, velocity is essentially sustained by the force generated by the swimmer on the pool wall but also indicate the importance of an efficient dolphin kick (and of a streamlined glide) in determining the values of velocity and acceleration in this phase of the race.
本研究旨在分析以下因素的影响：1）转弯过程中达到的最大速度（vout max）和加速度（aout max）；2）转弯后滑行阶段的减速（-aglide）和滑行效率（GE）；3）在100米模拟自由泳比赛中，海豚式打腿效率（hF）对转弯后前5米和接下来10米的速度和加速度（v5、v5-15、a5和a5-15）的影响。
对13名游泳运动员（7名男性/5名女性）进行了实验，所有上述参数均来自水下运动学分析。
v5、v5-15、a5和a5-15越大，100米用时越短。反过来，v5、v5-15、a5和a5-15与vout max和aout max以及ηF和GE显著相关（R>0.57，P<0.05）。
本研究报告的数据表明，在转弯后的前5-15米，速度基本上由游泳者在池壁上产生的力维持，但也表明高效的海豚式打腿（以及流线型滑行）在确定比赛该阶段速度和加速度值方面的重要性。
