Veiga Santiago, Mallo Javier, Navandar Archit, Navarro Enrique
Madrid Swimming Federation, C/ José Martinez Velasco, 3, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Technical University of Madrid, Health and Human Performance Department, C/ Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Technical University of Madrid, Health and Human Performance Department, C/ Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Hum Mov Sci. 2014 Aug;36:217-26. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 May 27.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different swimming race constraints on the evolution of turn parameters. One hundred and fifty-eight national and regional level 200-m (meters) male swimming performances were video-analyzed using the individualized-distance model in the Open Comunidad de Madrid tournament. Turn (p<.001, ES=0.36) and underwater distances (p<.001, ES=0.38) as well as turn velocity (p<.001, ES=0.69) significantly dropped throughout the race, although stroke velocity and underwater velocity were maintained in the last lap of the race (p>.05). Higher expertise swimmers obtained faster average velocities and longer distances in all the turn phases (p<.001, ES=0.59), except the approach distance. In addition, national level swimmers showed the ability to maintain most of the turn parameters throughout the race, which assisted them in improving average velocity at the end of races. Therefore, the variations in the turning movements of a swimming race were expertise-related and focused on optimizing average velocity. Turning skills should be included in the swimming race action plan.
本研究旨在探讨不同游泳比赛限制因素对转身参数演变的影响。在马德里自治区公开赛中，运用个性化距离模型对158名国家和地区级别的200米男子游泳成绩进行了视频分析。整个比赛过程中，转身（p<.001，效应量=0.36）、水下距离（p<.001，效应量=0.38）以及转身速度（p<.001，效应量=0.69）均显著下降，不过划水速度和水下速度在比赛最后一圈保持稳定（p>.05）。除了入水距离外，水平较高的游泳运动员在所有转身阶段都能获得更快的平均速度和更长的距离（p<.001，效应量=0.59）。此外，国家级游泳运动员在整个比赛过程中能够保持大部分转身参数，这有助于他们在比赛结束时提高平均速度。因此，游泳比赛中转身动作的变化与技术水平相关，且重点在于优化平均速度。转身技巧应纳入游泳比赛行动计划中。
