Research Group for Evolutionary Theory, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Nov 22;279(1747):4611-6. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1697. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Coevolution of two species is typically thought to favour the evolution of faster evolutionary rates helping a species keep ahead in the Red Queen race, where 'it takes all the running you can do to stay where you are'. In contrast, if species are in a mutualistic relationship, it was proposed that the Red King effect may act, where it can be beneficial to evolve slower than the mutualistic species. The Red King hypothesis proposes that the species which evolves slower can gain a larger share of the benefits. However, the interactions between the two species may involve multiple individuals. To analyse such a situation, we resort to evolutionary multiplayer games. Even in situations where evolving slower is beneficial in a two-player setting, faster evolution may be favoured in a multiplayer setting. The underlying features of multiplayer games can be crucial for the distribution of benefits. They also suggest a link between the evolution of the rate of evolution and group size.
两种生物的共同进化通常被认为有利于进化速度的加快，帮助物种在“你必须全力以赴才能原地不动”的“红皇后竞赛”中保持领先地位。相比之下，如果物种之间存在互利关系，那么可能会出现“红王效应”，进化速度比互利物种慢可能是有益的。“红王假说”提出，进化较慢的物种可以获得更大份额的利益。然而，两种物种之间的相互作用可能涉及多个个体。为了分析这种情况，我们求助于进化多人游戏。即使在两人游戏中进化较慢是有利的情况下，在多人游戏中也可能更有利于更快的进化。多人游戏的基本特征对于利益分配至关重要。它们还表明，进化速度和群体规模之间存在联系。
