Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Dec;7(12):2058-70. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04410512. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. To some extent, these may be preventable. Careful pretransplant screening, immunization, and post-transplant prophylactic antimicrobials may all reduce the risk for post-transplant infection. However, because transplant recipients may not manifest typical signs and symptoms of infection, diagnoses may be confounded. Furthermore, treatment regimens may be complicated by drug interactions and the need to maintain immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection. This article reviews common post-transplant infections, including prophylactic, diagnostic, and treatment strategies, providing guidance regarding care of kidney transplant patients with infection.
感染是肾移植受者发病率和死亡率的主要原因。在某种程度上，这些感染是可以预防的。仔细的移植前筛查、免疫接种和移植后预防性使用抗生素都可能降低移植后感染的风险。然而，由于移植受者可能没有表现出典型的感染迹象和症状，因此诊断可能会受到干扰。此外，治疗方案可能会因药物相互作用和需要维持免疫抑制以避免移植物排斥而变得复杂。本文回顾了常见的移植后感染，包括预防、诊断和治疗策略，为感染肾移植患者的护理提供了指导。
