Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Oct;26(5):641-53. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.03.008. Epub 2012 May 22.
Epidemiological studies demonstrated a clear phenomenological association between low birth weight and increased cardiometabolic risk later in life, very similar to that in high birth weight subjects. Pre- and/or neonatal overfeeding appears to be an etiological clue. In animal studies, irrespective of birth weight neonatal over-nutrition leads to later overweight, impaired glucose tolerance and cardiometabolic alterations. Probably, perinatally acquired alterations of DNA methylation patterns of gene promoters of central nervous regulators of body weight and metabolism play a key role in mediating these relationships. In humans, the long-term impact of neonatal nutrition is conclusively demonstrated by studies on the consequences of breastfeeding vs. formula-feeding. Taken together, the quantity and quality of nutrition during neonatal life plays a critical role, beyond prenatal development, in the long-term programming of health and disease. This opens a variety of opportunities and challenges to primarily prevent chronic diseases, e.g. the metabolic syndrome.
流行病学研究表明，低出生体重与生命后期心血管代谢风险增加之间存在明显的现象学关联，这与高出生体重人群非常相似。产前和/或新生儿期过度喂养似乎是一个病因线索。在动物研究中，无论出生体重如何，新生儿期过度营养都会导致以后超重、葡萄糖耐量受损和心血管代谢改变。可能，围产期获得的中枢体重和代谢调节基因启动子的 DNA 甲基化模式的改变在介导这些关系中起着关键作用。在人类中，通过母乳喂养与配方奶喂养对后果的研究，明确证明了新生儿营养的长期影响。总的来说，新生儿期营养的数量和质量除了产前发育之外，对健康和疾病的长期编程起着至关重要的作用。这为预防慢性疾病（如代谢综合征）提供了多种机会和挑战。
