Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine-University of Glasgow, 4th Floor Walton Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Mar;85(3):342-9. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.08.006. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
Colorectal cancer screening has been introduced across the UK following several large randomised control trials and a Cochrane review that have shown a reduction in cancer specific mortality with population based Faecal Occult Blood testing. This has been attributed to the detection of more early stage disease. It is well known that in addition to stage at presentation there are a variety of other key factors that determine a patient's outcome following a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. For example there are tumour-related factors, such the presence of venous invasion and tumour necrosis, and also host-related factors, both in terms of demographic profile and an elevated circulating host inflammatory response that have been shown to be predictive of a poorer outcome. The present review summarises both the background behind the current screening programme and the observed and anticipated impact that colorectal cancer screening will have on the key determinants of outcome.
英国在几项大型随机对照试验和 Cochrane 综述之后引入了结直肠癌筛查，这些研究表明，基于人群的粪便潜血试验可以降低癌症特异性死亡率。这归因于早期疾病的检出率提高。众所周知，除了发病时的分期外，还有许多其他关键因素决定了结直肠癌患者的诊断后结局。例如，存在肿瘤相关因素，如静脉侵犯和肿瘤坏死，以及宿主相关因素，包括人口统计学特征和升高的循环宿主炎症反应，这些都被证明与预后较差相关。本综述总结了当前筛查计划的背景以及结直肠癌筛查对结局关键决定因素的观察到的和预期的影响。
