Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Arch Oral Biol. 2012 Nov;57(11):1439-58. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.08.010. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
Stem cells possess multipotent properties that allow them to differentiate into various cells, which may be potentially useful in tissue regeneration. Stem cell populations are reported to be present in various tissues of hematopoietic, neural and mesenchymal lineages, with the presence of stem cell populations in dental pulp tissue first described more than 10 years ago. The main components of dental pulp tissue are dental pulp cells, which are mesenchymal cells derived from the neural crest.(1,2) Some of these cells demonstrate high growth potential and possess multiple differentiation properties, and have been designated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). These cell populations are present not only in adult pulp tissue, but also in deciduous tooth pulp and apical papilla. DPSCs isolated by different methods, such as high growth potential, using various surface markers, and high efflux of a fluorescent nuclear stain (Hoechst 33342), all show multipotency, however their surface marker expression is somewhat different from each other. In vivo studies have revealed the possibility use of DPSCs in the regeneration of various tissue. DPSCs are of dental pulp origin, and dental pulp tissue is regenerated from DPSCs. Many researchers have focused on the dentine- and bone-forming properties of DPSCs, but their neuronal and muscular differentiation capacity suggests they may have a wider clinical application.
干细胞具有多能性，可以分化为各种细胞，这在组织再生中可能具有潜在的应用价值。已经报道了造血、神经和间充质谱系的各种组织中存在干细胞群体，牙本质牙髓组织中存在干细胞群体的报道早在 10 多年前就已经出现。牙髓组织的主要成分是牙髓细胞，它们是来源于神经嵴的间充质细胞。(1,2) 这些细胞中的一些具有较高的生长潜力和多种分化特性，并被指定为牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）。这些细胞群体不仅存在于成人牙髓组织中，也存在于乳牙牙髓和根尖乳头中。使用不同的方法分离的 DPSCs，如高生长潜能、使用各种表面标志物和 Hoechst 33342 的高荧光核染料外排，均显示出多能性，但它们的表面标志物表达彼此略有不同。体内研究表明 DPSCs 在各种组织再生中的应用可能性。DPSCs 来源于牙髓，牙髓组织由 DPSCs 再生而来。许多研究人员专注于 DPSCs 的牙本质和成骨特性，但它们的神经元和肌肉分化能力表明它们可能具有更广泛的临床应用。
