National Programme for Tobacco Control, Ministry of Public Health, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Lancet. 2012 Nov 3;380(9853):1575-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60826-5. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
In 2005, Uruguay initiated a series of comprehensive anti-smoking measures. We aimed to assess the effect of Uruguay's anti-tobacco campaign.
We did a population-based trend analysis, using neighbouring Argentina, which has not instituted such extensive anti-tobacco measures, as a control. We assessed three key endpoints in both countries: per-person consumption of cigarettes, as measured by tax records; the prevalence of tobacco use in adolescents, as measured by school-based surveys; and the prevalence of tobacco use in adults, as measured by nationwide household-based surveys.
During 2005-11, per-person consumption of cigarettes in Uruguay decreased by 4·3% per year (95% CI 2·4 to 6·2), whereas per-person consumption in Argentina increased by 0·6% per year (-1·2 to 2·5; p=0·002 for difference in trends). During 2003-09, the 30-day prevalence of tobacco use in Uruguayan students aged 13 years, 15 years, and 17 years decreased by an estimated 8·0% per year (4·5 to 11·6), compared with a decrease of 2·5% annually (0·5 to 4·5) in Argentinian students during 2001-09 (p=0·02 for difference in trends). From 2005 to 2011, the prevalence of current tobacco use in Uruguay decreased annually by an estimated 3·3% (2·4 to 4·1), compared with an annual decrease in Argentina of 1·7% (0·8 to 2·6; p=0·02 for difference in trends).
Uruguay's comprehensive tobacco-control campaign has been associated with a substantial, unprecedented decrease in tobacco use. Decreases in tobacco use in other low-income and middle-income countries of the magnitude seen in Uruguay would have a substantial effect on the future global burden of tobacco-related diseases.
J William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board and the US Department of State.
2005 年，乌拉圭启动了一系列全面禁烟措施。我们旨在评估乌拉圭禁烟运动的效果。
我们进行了一项基于人群的趋势分析，以邻国阿根廷为对照，阿根廷尚未实施如此广泛的禁烟措施。我们在这两个国家评估了三个关键终点：通过税收记录衡量的人均香烟消费量；通过基于学校的调查衡量的青少年烟草使用流行率；以及通过全国范围内基于家庭的调查衡量的成年人烟草使用流行率。
在 2005 年至 2011 年间，乌拉圭的人均香烟消费量每年下降 4.3%（95%CI 2.4 至 6.2），而阿根廷的人均香烟消费量每年增长 0.6%（-1.2 至 2.5；趋势差异的 p 值=0.002）。在 2003 年至 2009 年期间，乌拉圭 13 岁、15 岁和 17 岁学生的 30 天烟草使用流行率估计每年下降 8.0%（4.5 至 11.6），而阿根廷学生的下降率为每年 2.5%（0.5 至 4.5）（趋势差异的 p 值=0.02）。从 2005 年到 2011 年，乌拉圭当前烟草使用的流行率每年估计下降 3.3%（2.4 至 4.1），而阿根廷的下降率为每年 1.7%（0.8 至 2.6；趋势差异的 p 值=0.02）。
乌拉圭的全面烟草控制运动与烟草使用的大幅、前所未有的下降有关。乌拉圭所看到的烟草使用量下降幅度，如果在其他低收入和中等收入国家发生，将对未来全球与烟草相关疾病的负担产生重大影响。
富布赖特外国奖学金委员会和美国国务院。
