Garenne Michel, McCaa Robert, Nacro Kourtoum
French Institute for Research and Development (IRD), and Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France <
J Popul Res (Canberra). 2011 Mar 1;8(1):89-101. doi: 10.1007/s12546-010-9037-y. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
The 2007 Community Survey conducted in South Africa included questions on maternal deaths in the previous 12 months (pregnancy-related deaths). The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was estimated at 700 per 100,000 live births, some 30% more than at the 2001 census. This high level occurred despite a low proportion of maternal deaths (4.3%) among deaths of women aged 15-49 years, which was even lower than the proportion of time spent in the maternal risk period (7.6%). The high level of MMR was due to the astonishingly high level of adult mortality, which increased by 46% since 2001. The main reasons for these excessive levels were HIV/AIDS and external causes of death (accidents and violence). Differentials in MMR were very marked, and similar to those found in 2001 with respect to urban residence, race, province, education, income, and wealth. Provincial levels of MMR correlated primarily with HIV/AIDS prevalence. Maternal mortality defined as pregnancy-related death' appears no longer as a proper indicator of safe motherhood' in this situation.
2007年在南非进行的社区调查包含了有关前12个月孕产妇死亡情况（与妊娠相关的死亡）的问题。孕产妇死亡率估计为每10万例活产中有700例死亡，比2001年人口普查时高出约30%。尽管在15至49岁女性死亡中孕产妇死亡比例较低（4.3%），甚至低于处于孕产妇风险期的时间比例（7.6%），但仍出现了如此高的死亡率。孕产妇死亡率居高不下是由于成人死亡率惊人地高，自2001年以来增加了46%。这些过高死亡率的主要原因是艾滋病毒/艾滋病以及外部死因（事故和暴力）。孕产妇死亡率的差异非常显著，与2001年在城市居住、种族、省份、教育程度、收入和财富方面发现的差异相似。省级孕产妇死亡率主要与艾滋病毒/艾滋病患病率相关。在这种情况下，定义为“与妊娠相关的死亡”的孕产妇死亡率似乎不再是“安全孕产”的恰当指标。
