University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044403. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Human cooperation in large groups and between non-kin individuals remains a Darwinian puzzle. Investigations into whether and how sexual selection is involved in the evolution of cooperation represent a new and important research direction. Here, 69 groups of four men or four women recruited from a rural population in Senegal played a sequential public-good game in the presence of out-group observers, either of the same sex or of the opposite sex. At the end of the game, participants could donate part of their gain to the village school in the presence of the same observers. Both contributions to the public good and donations to the school, which reflect different components of cooperativeness, were influenced by the sex of the observers. The results suggest that in this non-Western population, sexual selection acts mainly on men's cooperative behaviour with non-kin, whereas women's cooperativeness is mainly influenced by nonsexual social selection.
人类在大群体中的合作以及非亲属个体之间的合作仍然是一个达尔文式的难题。调查性选择是否以及如何参与合作的进化，代表了一个新的和重要的研究方向。在这里，从塞内加尔农村招募的 69 组四男或四女在局外观察者（同性或异性）在场的情况下，进行了一系列的公共物品博弈。在游戏结束时，参与者可以在同一批观察者在场的情况下，将部分收益捐赠给村里的学校。对公共物品的贡献和对学校的捐赠，反映了合作的不同组成部分，都受到观察者性别的影响。结果表明，在这个非西方人群中，性选择主要作用于男性与非亲属的合作行为，而女性的合作行为主要受到非性社会选择的影响。
