Berlepsch-Schreiner H, Jeitziner M-M, Jähnke A, Bischofberger I
UniversitätsSpital Zürich.
Pflege. 2012 Oct;25(5):343-51. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000230.
Injured and painful nipples are frequently occurring events in nursing women during the first days after giving birth. These problems often result in a premature termination of breastfeeding despite the mother's wish to nurse. Unsystematic instructions given to women regarding correct breastfeeding increase the risk that these complications will arise. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of a systematic micro-education programme for nursing women by means of a pilot study or a quasi-experiment. The study included 100 mother and child pairs each in the experimental group and in the control group (N = 200). The pain experienced by all women during nursing was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the degree of injury to the nipples after nursing was measured with a tool specially developed for this purpose, the Nipple Wound Score (NWS). Women who received instructions by means of the micro-education programme exhibited significantly less injured nipples (on the third day: experimental group 55 % and control group 77 %, p < 0.00; on the fourth day: 56 % and 80 %, p < 0.00).No differences were observed between the study groups in regard to the occurrence of pain (on the fourth day p = 0.68). The variables of birthing method, parity, age or nationality of the women had no effect on the degree of injury of the nipples or on the intensity of pain. The results of this pilot study suggest that repeated micro-education for breastfeeding women should be implemented during the first days after giving birth.
产后头几天，哺乳期女性乳头受伤和疼痛是常有的事。尽管母亲有哺乳意愿，但这些问题常常导致母乳喂养提前终止。给予女性关于正确母乳喂养的不系统指导增加了出现这些并发症的风险。本研究的目的是通过一项试点研究或准实验来调查针对哺乳期女性的系统性微教育项目的效果。该研究在实验组和对照组各纳入了100对母婴（N = 200）。使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）测量所有女性在哺乳期间经历的疼痛，并使用为此专门开发的工具乳头伤口评分（NWS）测量哺乳后乳头的损伤程度。通过微教育项目接受指导的女性乳头受伤情况明显更少（第三天：实验组55%，对照组77%，p < 0.00；第四天：56%和80%，p < 0.00）。在疼痛发生率方面，研究组之间未观察到差异（第四天p = 0.68）。女性的分娩方式、产次、年龄或国籍等变量对乳头损伤程度或疼痛强度没有影响。这项试点研究的结果表明，应在产后头几天对母乳喂养女性实施反复的微教育。
