Wang Qiong, Chen Hui, Wu Wen, Jin Hai-Yang, Heng Pheng-Ann
IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2012 Nov;16(6):1105-14. doi: 10.1109/TITB.2012.2218114. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
Mandibular angle reduction is a popular and efficient procedure widely used to alter the facial contour. The primary surgical instruments, the reciprocating saw and the round burr, employed in the surgery have a common feature: operating at a high-speed. Generally, inexperienced surgeons need a long-time practice to learn how to minimize the risks caused by the uncontrolled contacts and cutting motions in manipulation of instruments with high-speed reciprocation or rotation. A virtual reality-based surgical simulator for the mandibular angle reduction was designed and implemented on a CUDA-based platform in this paper. High-fidelity visual and haptic feedbacks are provided to enhance the perception in a realistic virtual surgical environment. The impulse-based haptic models were employed to simulate the contact forces and torques on the instruments. It provides convincing haptic sensation for surgeons to control the instruments under different reciprocation or rotation velocities. The real-time methods for bone removal and reconstruction during surgical procedures have been proposed to support realistic visual feedbacks. The simulated contact forces were verified by comparing against the actual force data measured through the constructed mechanical platform. An empirical study based on the patient-specific data was conducted to evaluate the ability of the proposed system in training surgeons with various experiences. The results confirm the validity of our simulator.
下颌角缩小术是一种广泛用于改变面部轮廓的常见且有效的手术。手术中使用的主要手术器械，即往复锯和圆头锉，有一个共同特点：高速运行。一般来说，经验不足的外科医生需要长时间练习，以学习如何在操作高速往复或旋转的器械时，将不受控制的接触和切割动作所带来的风险降至最低。本文在基于CUDA的平台上设计并实现了一种用于下颌角缩小术的虚拟现实手术模拟器。提供高保真视觉和触觉反馈，以增强在逼真的虚拟手术环境中的感知。基于脉冲的触觉模型用于模拟器械上的接触力和扭矩。它为外科医生在不同的往复或旋转速度下控制器械提供了令人信服的触觉感受。提出了手术过程中骨骼切除和重建的实时方法，以支持逼真的视觉反馈。通过与通过构建的机械平台测量的实际力数据进行比较，验证了模拟接触力。基于患者特定数据进行了实证研究，以评估所提出系统在培训不同经验外科医生方面的能力。结果证实了我们模拟器的有效性。
