Meel Rachna, Radhakrishnan Venkatraman, Bakhshi Sameer
Oculoplastics and Ocular Oncology Service, New Delhi, India ; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India ; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2012 Apr;33(2):80-8. doi: 10.4103/0971-5851.99731.
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. The survival of retinoblastoma patients and visual outcome has improved dramatically in the developed world. This can be attributed to early tumor recognition and advances in the management of retinoblastoma. Chemoreduction followed by adjuvant consolidative treatment has replaced external beam radiotherapy as the primary modality of treatment for intraocular retinoblastoma. Further, histopathological high-risk factors have been identified in enucleated eyes, allowing use of prophylactic chemotherapy to take care of possible micrometastasis. The survival in case of extraocular retinoblastoma is still low, and the reported survival rate ranges between 50% and 70%. In developing countries, the overall survival of retinoblastoma patients remains low, primarily due to a delayed presentation, resulting in larger proportions of extraocular disease compared with the developed world, where majority of the disease is intraocular. Greater efforts need to be directed toward early tumor recognition in order to improve the survival of retinoblastoma patients in the developing world. In this article, we provide an overview of the current clinical management of retinoblastoma.
视网膜母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤。在发达国家，视网膜母细胞瘤患者的生存率和视觉预后有了显著改善。这可归因于肿瘤的早期识别以及视网膜母细胞瘤治疗手段的进步。化疗减瘤后辅以巩固性治疗已取代外照射放疗，成为眼内视网膜母细胞瘤的主要治疗方式。此外，在摘除的眼球中已确定了组织病理学高危因素，这使得预防性化疗得以用于处理可能的微转移。眼外视网膜母细胞瘤患者的生存率仍然很低，报道的生存率在50%至70%之间。在发展中国家，视网膜母细胞瘤患者的总体生存率仍然很低，主要原因是就诊延迟，与发达国家相比，眼外疾病的比例更大，而在发达国家，大多数疾病是眼内疾病。需要做出更大努力以实现肿瘤的早期识别，从而提高发展中国家视网膜母细胞瘤患者的生存率。在本文中，我们概述了视网膜母细胞瘤当前的临床管理情况。
