[芍药属（芍药科）的种间杂交：45S rRNA基因转录间隔区的多态性位点作为天然和人工牡丹杂种的指标]

[Interspecific hybridization in the genus Paeonia (Paeoniaceae): polymorphic sites in transcribed spacers of the 45S rRNA genes as indicators of natural and artificial peony hybrids].

作者信息

Punina E O, Machs E M, Krapivskaia E E, Kim E S, Mordak E V, Miakoshina Iu A, Rodionov A V

出版信息

Genetika. 2012 Jul;48(7):812-26.

Abstract

The ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 regions of 33 accessions belonging to 16 species and five natural and garden interspecific hybrids of the genus Paeonia L. were sequenced. Chromatograms of the peony hybrids demonstrated the presence of the signals, corresponding to two different nucleotides at the positions differing in the parents, indicating that in the hybrids, no rDNA isogenization usually occurred, and they preserved rDNA of both parents. Analysis of these polymorphic sites (PS) showed that P. x majkoae was interspecific hybrid between P. tenuifolia and P. caucasica. The ITS of P. hybrida differs from ITS of P. x majkoae in 19 mutations. Because of this, P. x majkoae is definitely not synonymous to P. hybrida. Comparative analysis of ITS 1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 showed that species diversity in section Paeonia was based on recombination as a result of intraspecific hybridization of three haplotype families. Specifically, haplotypes A, typical of the P. tenuifolia and P. anomala genomes, haplotypes B, typical of P. mlokosewitschii and P. obovata, and haplotypes of family C, currently represented in rDNA of diploid and tetraploid forms of some Caucasian and Mediterranean species. The ITS regions many diploid peonies contain no dimorphic sites, while P. oreogeton, P. cambessedesii, P. rhodia, and P. daurica carry from ten to 17 PS, and supposed to be the interspecific hybrids. Most of the tetraploid peonies contain from six to 18 PS in the ITS regions. These are alloploids with one of the parental genomes similar to that of P. mlokosewitschii (B1), or P. obovata (B3). The second parental genome in P. banatica, P. peregrina, and P. russii is represented by the genome, close to that of P. tenuifolia (A). P. macrophylla, P. mascula, P. coriacea, P. wittmanniana, and P. tomentosa carry genome of series B and genome of series C, which slightly resembles genome A.

摘要

对芍药属16个物种的33个材料以及5个自然和园艺种间杂种的ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2区域进行了测序。芍药杂种的色谱图显示存在信号，对应于亲本中不同位置的两种不同核苷酸，这表明在杂种中，通常不会发生rDNA同质性化，它们保留了双亲的rDNA。对这些多态性位点（PS）的分析表明，芍药‘majkoae’是细叶芍药和高加索芍药之间的种间杂种。杂种芍药的ITS与芍药‘majkoae’的ITS在19个突变上存在差异。因此，芍药‘majkoae’绝对不是杂种芍药的同义词。ITS 1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2的比较分析表明，芍药组的物种多样性基于三个单倍型家族种内杂交的重组。具体来说，单倍型A是细叶芍药和块根芍药基因组所特有的，单倍型B是多花芍药和圆叶芍药所特有的，C家族的单倍型目前存在于一些高加索和地中海物种的二倍体和四倍体形式的rDNA中。许多二倍体芍药的ITS区域没有双态位点，而山生芍药、康氏芍药、罗迪亚芍药和达乌里芍药有10到17个PS，被认为是种间杂种。大多数四倍体芍药的ITS区域有6到18个PS。这些都是异源多倍体，其亲本基因组之一与多花芍药（B1）或圆叶芍药（B3）的相似。在巴尔干芍药、奇异芍药和俄罗斯芍药中，第二个亲本基因组由与细叶芍药（A）相似的基因组代表。大叶芍药、雄性芍药、革质芍药、维特曼芍药和绒毛芍药携带B系列基因组和与A系列基因组略有相似的C系列基因组。