Goodman Geoff, Stroh Martha, Valdez Adina
Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program, Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd., Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
Bull Menninger Clin. 2012 Summer;76(3):260-89. doi: 10.1521/bumc.2012.76.3.260.
Thirty-six prepubertal inpatients were videotaped completing five stories thematically related to attachment experiences and classified by their attachment representations. Children also completed the Children's Depression Inventory and Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised. Mothers completed demographic questionnaires. Percentage of secure (B) attachment was only about one tenth of the normative percentage, anxious-ambivalent (C) attachment was between two and three times the normative percentage, and disorganized (D) attachment was almost twice the normative percentage. Both D attachment and the total number of disorganized story responses were associated with negative self-esteem and clinical-range depression. Anxious-avoidant (A) attachment decreased the likelihood, while C and D attachment increased the likelihood, of separation anxiety disorder. Clinical intervention needs to focus on the meaning of parental relationships represented in the child's mind, specifically the negative self-esteem and separation anxiety associated with the lack of felt security provided by the parents.
三十六名青春期前住院儿童被拍摄完成五个与依恋经历主题相关的故事，并根据他们的依恋表征进行分类。儿童还完成了儿童抑郁量表以及儿童与青少年诊断访谈修订版。母亲们完成了人口统计学调查问卷。安全型（B）依恋的比例仅约为正常比例的十分之一，焦虑矛盾型（C）依恋是正常比例的两到三倍，混乱型（D）依恋几乎是正常比例的两倍。D依恋以及混乱故事反应的总数均与消极自尊和临床范围的抑郁相关。回避型（A）依恋降低了分离焦虑障碍的可能性，而C型和D型依恋则增加了分离焦虑障碍的可能性。临床干预需要关注儿童心中所呈现的亲子关系的意义，特别是与父母缺乏给予的安全感相关的消极自尊和分离焦虑。
