INSERM, U669, Paris, France.
Subst Abus. 2012;33(4):336-49. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2012.663326.
Baclofen, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptor agonist, represents a promising drug in alcohol addiction management. Animal models have shown its action at various stages of the process of alcohol addiction. Moreover, initial open and randomized controlled trials have shown the efficacy of 30 mg/day baclofen on alcohol craving, intake, and relapse prevention. It may also decrease alcohol withdrawal symptoms. However, these initial studies were conducted by the same Italian team; 2 American studies, using a different methodology, did not confirm these effects. Following recent reports by an alcohol-dependent French physician who treated himself with high doses (120-270 mg/day), claiming prolonged suppression of alcohol craving and absence of dependence symptoms, baclofen has since received wide media exposure in France where it has been called "the treatment for alcoholism." An open-label French study supports these findings. In addition, baclofen seems to be particularly interesting because of its safety and tolerance, even in patients with cirrhosis. Thus, baclofen should benefit from further studies of its biobehavioral mechanisms, dose-response effect, and indications in various alcoholic patient profiles.
巴氯芬，一种γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）-B 受体激动剂，是一种有前途的酒精成瘾管理药物。动物模型已经显示出它在酒精成瘾过程的各个阶段的作用。此外，初步的开放和随机对照试验表明，每天 30 毫克巴氯芬可有效控制酒精渴求、摄入量和防止复发。它还可能减轻酒精戒断症状。然而，这些初步研究是由同一个意大利团队进行的；两项美国的研究采用了不同的方法，并没有证实这些效果。最近一位法国酒精依赖医生的报告称，他自己服用高剂量（120-270 毫克/天）的巴氯芬，声称长期抑制了酒精渴求，没有依赖症状，此后，巴氯芬在法国得到了广泛的媒体关注，在法国被称为“治疗酗酒的药物”。一项开放性法国研究支持这些发现。此外，巴氯芬因其安全性和耐受性而特别有趣，即使在肝硬化患者中也是如此。因此，巴氯芬应该从其生物行为机制、剂量反应效应以及在各种酒精患者特征中的适应症方面进行进一步的研究。
