InforMH, Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Office, NSW Health, NSW, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;46(12):1173-81. doi: 10.1177/0004867412461057. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
To describe the correlates of stimulant use disorders (abuse, dependence) in an Australian population sample, to compare the characteristics of stimulant users with and without stimulant use disorders and to describe the patterns of service use and help-seeking in people with stimulant use disorders.
Data were drawn from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, which sampled 8841 residents of private dwellings in Australia in 2007. Lifetime DSM-IV substance use and mental disorder diagnoses were obtained from interviews conducted by lay interviewers, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Socio-demographic, socio-economic and clinical correlates of stimulant use disorders were identified using binary logistic regression models. Stimulant users with and without stimulant use disorders were compared to non-stimulant users via multinomial logistic regression models.
Compared to Australians without stimulant use disorder, people with stimulant use disorders were younger, more likely to be male, of non-heterosexual orientation and born in Australia, but were not more socially disadvantaged. Lifetime comorbidity rates were high: 79% of persons with stimulant use disorders had a lifetime alcohol use disorder, 73% a lifetime cannabis use disorder, and more than one third a lifetime mood or anxiety disorder. Stimulant use disorders were associated with a family history of substance use, affective disorders and psychosis. One in five people with lifetime stimulant use disorders had been imprisoned, homeless or hospitalised for substance or mental health problems, and 13% reported at least one symptom of psychosis. Nearly half had sought help for substance or mental health problems, primarily from General Practitioners (GPs), psychologists or psychiatrists.
Stimulant use disorders in a representative population sample are associated with significant comorbidity and harm. Many persons with stimulant use disorders had sought care and found this helpful. There is scope for screening and intervention in this group.
描述澳大利亚人群样本中兴奋剂使用障碍（滥用、依赖）的相关因素，比较有和无兴奋剂使用障碍的兴奋剂使用者的特征，并描述兴奋剂使用者寻求服务和寻求帮助的模式。
数据来自 2007 年全国精神健康和幸福感调查，该调查于 2007 年在澳大利亚私人住宅中抽取了 8841 名居民。使用复合国际诊断访谈（CIDI），由非专业访谈员进行访谈，获得了终生 DSM-IV 物质使用和精神障碍诊断。使用二元逻辑回归模型确定兴奋剂使用障碍的社会人口统计学、社会经济学和临床相关因素。通过多项逻辑回归模型比较有和无兴奋剂使用障碍的兴奋剂使用者与非兴奋剂使用者。
与无兴奋剂使用障碍的澳大利亚人相比，有兴奋剂使用障碍的人年龄更小，更可能是男性，性取向非异性恋，出生在澳大利亚，但社会劣势程度不高。终生共病率很高：79%的有兴奋剂使用障碍的人有终生酒精使用障碍，73%的人有终生大麻使用障碍，超过三分之一的人有终生情绪或焦虑障碍。兴奋剂使用障碍与物质使用、情感障碍和精神病的家族史有关。五分之一有终生兴奋剂使用障碍的人曾因物质或心理健康问题被监禁、无家可归或住院，13%的人报告至少有一个精神病症状。近一半的人因物质或心理健康问题寻求过帮助，主要是向全科医生（GP）、心理学家或精神科医生寻求帮助。
在代表性人群样本中，兴奋剂使用障碍与显著的共病和危害有关。许多有兴奋剂使用障碍的人已经寻求过帮助，并发现这是有帮助的。在这个群体中，有筛查和干预的空间。
