Lima-Serrano Marta, Lima-Rodríguez Joaquín Salvador, Sáez-Bueno Africa
Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2012 May-Jun;86(3):253-68. doi: 10.1590/S1135-57272012000300005.
Different authors suggest that attitude is a mediator in behavior change, so it is a predictor of behavior practice. The main of this study was to design and to validate two scales for measure adolescent attitude toward healthy eating and adolescent attitude toward healthy physical activity.
Scales were design based on a literature review. After, they were validated using an on-line Delphi Panel with eighteen experts, a pretest, and a pilot test with a sample of 188 high school students. Comprehensibility, content validity, adequacy, as well as the reliability (alpha of Cronbach test), and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) of scales were tested.
Scales validated by experts were considered appropriate in the pretest. In the pilot test, the ten-item Attitude to Eating Scale obtained α=0.72. The eight-item Attitude to Physical Activity Scale obtained α=0.86. They showed evidence of one-dimensional interpretation after factor analysis, a) all items got weights r>0.30 in first factor before rotations, b) the first factor explained a significant proportion of variance before rotations, and c) the total variance explained by the main factors extracted was greater than 50%.
The Scales showed their reliability and validity. They could be employed to assess attitude to these priority intervention areas in Spanish adolescents, and to evaluate this intermediate result of health interventions and health programs.
不同作者认为态度是行为改变的中介因素，因此是行为实践的预测指标。本研究的主要目的是设计并验证两个量表，分别用于测量青少年对健康饮食的态度以及青少年对健康体育活动的态度。
量表基于文献综述进行设计。之后，通过由18位专家组成的在线德尔菲小组、预测试以及对188名高中生样本进行的试点测试对量表进行验证。测试了量表的可理解性、内容效度、充分性以及信度（克朗巴哈检验的α系数）和结构效度（探索性因素分析）。
经专家验证的量表在预测试中被认为是合适的。在试点测试中，十项饮食态度量表的α系数为0.72。八项体育活动态度量表的α系数为0.86。因素分析后它们显示出单维度解释的证据，a）所有项目在旋转前的第一个因素中权重r>0.30，b）第一个因素在旋转前解释了很大比例的方差，c）提取的主要因素解释的总方差大于50%。
这些量表显示出了信度和效度。它们可用于评估西班牙青少年对这些优先干预领域的态度，并评估健康干预措施和健康计划的这一中间结果。
